ASTM A356/A356M-98e1
(Specification)Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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e1
Designation: A 356/A356M – 98 An American National Standard
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Table 1 was editorially corrected in May 1999.
1. Scope 2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve
and Fitting Industry Standard:
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stain-
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
less steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Vi-
cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other
sual Method)
heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5)
3. Classification
shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
1.
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
4. Ordering Information
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
the following information:
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
cation.
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
casting drawing),
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
of Steel Products
the standards of acceptance.
A 488/A488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
fications of Procedures and Personnel
5. Melting Process
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
4 furnace process.
tions on Ferrous Castings
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
E 142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic
4 5.2.1 Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades
Testing
4 shall be by manganese and silicon. Furnace or ladle deoxida-
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
tion with other agents is permissible with the approval of the
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4
4 purchaser.
⁄2-in. (51 to 114-mm)) Steel Castings
5.2.2 The purchaser may specify that no aluminum be
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
4 added.
12-in. (114 to 305-mm)) Steel Castings
5.2.3 Vacuum deoxidation is acceptable. The specific
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
4 method shall be subject to approval by the purchaser.
(51 mm) in Thickness
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
6. Heat Treatment
6.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment—The castings may receive
such preliminary heat treatment as the founder may elect to
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
employ.
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings. 6.2 Heat Treatment for Final Properties:
Current edition approved May 10, 1998. Published August 1998. Originally
published as A 356 – 52 T. Last previous edition A 356 – 96.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
3 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.02. Available from the Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03. Fittings Industry, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 502, Falls Church, VA 22041.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 356/A356M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade Material Phosphorus,
Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum
max
A A
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum
1 1
61 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.80 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 1.00-1.50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum
8 1 % chromium, 1 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.90 0.20-0.60 0.035 0.030 0.90-1.20 1.00-1.50 . . . 0.05-0.15 . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum, vanadium
9 1 % chromium, 1 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.90 0.20-0.60 0.035 0.030 0.90-1.20 1.00-1.50 . . . 0.20-0.35 . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum, vanadium
10 2 ⁄4 % chromium, 1 % 0.20 max 0.50-0.80 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.90-1.20 2.00-2.75 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum
12 9 % chromium, 1 % 0.08-0.12 0.30-0.60 0.20-0.50 0.02 max 0.010 max 0.85-1.05 8.0-9.5 0.40 max 0.18-0.25 0.06-0.10 0.03-0.07 0.04 max
(J80490) molybdenum, vanadium
CA6NM martensic chromium 0.06 max 1.00 max 1.00 max 0.040 0.030 0.4-1.0 11.5-14.0 3.5-4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . .
nickel
A
For each 0.01 % reduction in carbon below the maximum specified, an increase of 0.04 percentage points of manganese over the maximum specified for that element will be permitted up to 1.00.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 356/A356M
6.2.1 Normalizing—The castings shall be heated to and held founder may reheat treat and retest such lot or casting.
at the proper temperature for a sufficient time to effect the
10. Test Specimen
desired transformation and withdrawn from the furnace and
10.1 Tension test specimens and samples for microexami-
allowed to cool to effect complete transformation.
nation may be taken from coupons conforming substantially to
6.2.2 Tempering—The casting shall be heated to and held at
the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 and from the locations in the
the proper temperature, which shall be below the transforma-
coupon as indicated in Fig. 1. These coupons shall have been
tion range, and then cooled under suitable conditions. The
cast attached to the castings, except as provided in 10.2 , and
tempering temperature shall not be less than 1100°F [595°C].
have remained attached, without partial severing, until the
The minimum tempering temperature for Grade 12 shall be
completion of the heat treatment for final properties.
1350°F (730°C).
10.2 If, in the opinion of the manufacturer, the design of any
6.2.3 Stress Relieving—The stress relieving operation shall
casting is such as to preclude the use of an attached coupon,
be carried out in the same manner as tempering. The tempera-
then the tension test specimen and sample for microexamina-
ture shall be within 50°F [28°C], but not exceeding the final
tion for that casting may be taken from a coupon attached to a
tempering temperature.
special block. The coupon shall conform substantially to the
6.3 Stainless Steel Casting:
dimensions shown in Fig. 1 and shall have remained attached,
6.3.1 Normalizing—The castings shall be heated to 1850°F
without partial severing, to its special block until after all heat
[1010°C] minimum, held sufficiently at that temperature to
treatment for final properties.
uniformly heat the castings, and air cooled to below 200°F
10.3 Test specimens may be cut from heat-treated castings
[93°C].
instead of from test coupons when agreed upon between the
6.3.2 Tempering—The castings shall be final tempered from
manufacturer and the purchaser.
1050 to 1150°F [565 to 620°C].
10.4 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the form
6.3.3 Stress Relieving—The stress relieving operation shall
and dimensions of the standard round 2-in. [50-mm] gage-
be performed in the same manner as tempering. Temperature
length specimen shown in Fig. 5 of Test Methods and Defini-
shall be between 1050°F [565°C] and 1150°F (620°C).
tions A 370.
7. Chemical Composition
11. Inspection
7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
11.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the
8. Tensile Requirements
purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer’s
8.1 Tensile properties shall conform to the requirements works that concern the manufacture of material ordered. The
listed in Table 2 as determined by the test specimen set forth in manufacturer shall afford the inspector all reasonable facilities
Section 9. to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance
8.2 Tension tests shall be performed in accordance with Test with this specification. All tests (except product analysis) and
Methods and Definitions A 370. inspection shall be made at the place of manufacture prior to
shipment, and shall be so conducted as not to interfere
9. Number of Tests and Retests
unnecessarily with operation of the works.
9.1 One
...
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