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ASTM D228/D228M-09e2

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing

Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods include procedures for sampling, examination, physical testing, and analyses of asphalt roll roofing, cap sheets, and shingles used in roofing and waterproofing. Other components of these materials are allowed to include, but are not limited to, felts, mats, films, foils, mineral stabilizers, papers, and mineral surfacing.  
4.2 These test methods include tests that are not required by every product standard that references Test Methods D228. The individual product standards are the authority for which tests are required for compliance. It is not prohibited to run tests in addition to those required in the product standards, but these test methods make no claim to their suitability or significance.  
4.3 Five random samples are required from lots equal to or less than 1000 packages. The number of samples required for lots greater than 1000 packages is dependent on the variation in the unit mass within the lot and is determined by the two-step sampling plan in 7.4.  
4.4 The results of a visual examination, physical testing, and compositional analysis are required for each sample. The analytical data are further used to compute the probable minimum and the probable range for the average mass of each of the components.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling, examination, physical testing, and analyses of asphalt-containing materials used in roofing and waterproofing. These materials include but are not limited to roll roofing, cap sheets, and shingles. Any of these materials are allowed to be partially or fully coated, surfaced, or laminated, or a combination thereof.  
1.2 The test methods and procedures in this standard appear in the following order:    
Section  
Content  
6  
Types of Roofing  
7  
Sampling  
8  
Mass and Area Determination  
9  
Selection of Representative Specimens  
10  
Moisture  
11  
Pliability  
12  
Mass Loss and Behavior on Heating  
13  
Tear Strength  
14  
Fastener Pull-Through Resistance  
15  
Preparation and Selection of Small Test Specimens
for Analyses  
16  
Analysis of Glass Felt Products  
17  
Analysis of Roofing Products with Organic Felts  
18  
Ash of Desaturated Felt  
19  
Calculation  
20  
Adjusting Back Coating Fine Mineral Matter and
Back Surfacing  
21  
Report  
22  
Precision and Bias
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2009
ICS
91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
Technical Committee
D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
Drafting Committee
D08.02 - Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D228/D228M-09e1 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D228/D228M-09(2014) - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6757/D6757M-18(2023) - Standard Specification for Underlayment Felt Containing Inorganic Fibers Used in Steep-Slope Roofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4897/D4897M-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass-Fiber Venting Base Sheet Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6221/D6221M-00(2021) - Standard Specification for Reinforced Bituminous Flashing Sheets for Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D2626/D2626M-04(2020) - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Organic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D1970/D1970M-21 - Standard Specification for Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3909/D3909M-22 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt) Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8257/D8257M-22 - Standard Specification for Mechanically Attached Polymeric Roof Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6380/D6380M-03(2022) - Standard Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3462/D3462M-23 - Standard Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7158/D7158M-20 - Standard Test Method for Wind Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Uplift Force/Uplift Resistance Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D3018/D3018M-22 - Standard Specification for Class A Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4601/D4601M-04(2020) - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base Sheet Used in Roofing
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6381/D6381M-15(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Asphalt Shingle Mechanical Uplift Resistance
Effective Date
01-Dec-2009

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ASTM D228/D228M-09e2 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and WaterproofingASTM D228/D228M-09e2 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
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ASTM D228/D228M-09e2 - Standard Test Methods for Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing, Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´2
Designation: D228/D228M −09
StandardTest Methods for
Sampling, Testing, and Analysis of Asphalt Roll Roofing,
Cap Sheets, and Shingles Used in Roofing and
1
Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D228/D228M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Former Figs.5–8 were editorially corrected to become Tables1–4 in September 2011.
2
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made to Sections 7 and 8 in September 2012.
1. Scope 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
examination, physical testing, and analyses of asphalt-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
containing materials used in roofing and waterproofing. These
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials include but are not limited to roll roofing, cap sheets,
and shingles.Any of these materials are allowed to be partially
2. Referenced Documents
or fully coated, surfaced, or laminated, or a combination
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
thereof.
D95Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
1.2 The test methods and procedures in this standard appear
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
in the following order:
D146Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen-
Section Content
Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and
Waterproofing
6 Types of Roofing
7 Sampling D225Specification forAsphalt Shingles (Organic Felt) Sur-
8 Mass and Area Determination
faced With Mineral Granules
9 Selection of Representative Specimens
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
10 Moisture
11 Pliability D1922Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of
12 Mass Loss and Behavior on Heating
Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum Method
13 Tear Strength
D2178Specification forAsphalt Glass Felt Used in Roofing
14 Fastener Pull-Through Resistance
15 Preparation and Selection of Small Test Specimens and Waterproofing
for Analyses
D2626Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and Coated Or-
16 Analysis of Glass Felt Products
ganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
17 Analysis of Roofing Products with Organic Felts
18 Ash of Desaturated Felt
D3462Specification for Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass
19 Calculation
Felt and Surfaced with Mineral Granules
20 Adjusting Back Coating Fine Mineral Matter and
D3909Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Glass Felt)
Back Surfacing
21 Report
Surfaced With Mineral Granules
22 Precision and Bias
D4601Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fiber Base
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Sheet Used in Roofing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D4897SpecificationforAsphalt-CoatedGlass-FiberVenting
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
Base Sheet Used in Roofing
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
D4932Test Method for Fastener Rupture and Tear Resis-
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
tance of Roofing andWaterproofing Sheets, Roll Roofing,
with the standard.
and Shingles
D6380SpecificationforAsphaltRollRoofing(OrganicFelt)
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D08.02 on Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published January 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1925. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D228–08. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0228_D0228M-09E01. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
D228/D228M − 09
F1667SpecificationforDrivenFasteners:Nails,Spikes,and 1 or Type 2.
Staples 3.1.3 As referenced in 15.2, “Materials of Nonuniform
Composition” designates products that are intentionally manu-
3. Terminology
facturedtohavedifferentthicknessormassperunitareawithin
different areas of the product. Examples of materials of
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthesetestmethods,see nonuniform composition are selvage edge rolls and overlaid or
embossed shingles (where not all of the product has the same
Terminology D1079.
3.1.2 As referenced in 15.1, “Materials of Unif
...

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4.1 The failure to correct membrane defects during and as soon as possible after its installation can cause premature failure of the membrane. Problems include design deficiencies, faulty application of the membrane system, and damage by subsequent trades.4 Roof designs incorporating a waterproof membrane under overburden such as a vegetative roof, insulation layer, wear-course, or topping slab greatly exacerbate the problem of leak locating.  
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1.1 This guide describes standard procedures for using electrical conductance measurement methods to locate leaks in exposed or covered waterproof membranes.  
1.2 This guide addresses the need for a general technical description of the current methods and procedures that are used to test and verify the integrity of waterproof membranes.  
1.3 This guide is not intended to replace visual, infrared, or other methods of inspection. It is to be used in conjunction with other methods of roof inspection when specified.  
1.4 This guide recommends that the leak location equipment, procedures, and survey parameters used are calibrated to meet established minimum leak detection sensitivity. The leak detection sensitivity calibration should be verified on a regular basis according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.  
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1.6 The procedures are applicable for membranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, bituminous material, and other electrically insulating materials.  
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5.1 Excess moisture trapped in roofing or waterproofing systems can adversely affect performance and lead to premature failure of roofing or waterproofing systems and its components. It also reduces thermal resistance, resulting in reduced energy efficiency and inflated energy costs. Impedance scans can be effective in identifying concealed and entrapped moisture within roofing or waterproofing systems.  
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This specification covers the standards for polymer modified bituminous sheet materials proposed for use as underlayment on roof eaves, or valleys, or both, to prevent leakage of shingle, tile or metal roofs from water back-up due to ice dams. The underlayment sheet shall comply with the physical requirements which include thickness, maximum load, elongation, adhesion to plywood, thermal stability, flexibility, tear resistance, moisture vapor permeance, sealability, and slip resistance. The underlayment sheet shall not crack, as well, nor be too sticky as to cause damage upon being unrolled.
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4.1 These test methods include procedures for sampling, examination, physical testing, and analyses of asphalt roll roofing, cap sheets, and shingles used in roofing and waterproofing. Other components of these materials are allowed to include, but are not limited to: felts, mats, films, foils, mineral stabilizers, papers, and mineral surfacing.  
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This specification covers the standards for the types, physical properties and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene proposed for use as thermal insulation. This specification, however, does not cover laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board. All thermal insulation shall be of uniform density and shall contain sufficient flame retardants to meet the oxygen index of requirements. They shall also meet the physical requirements such as thermal resistance, compressive resistance, flexural strength, water vapor permeance, water absorption, dimensional stability, and oxygen index specified herein.
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1.1 This specification2 covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene. Products manufactured to this specification are intended for use as thermal insulation for temperatures from –65 to +165°F (–53.9 to +73.9°C). This specification does not apply to laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board.  
1.1.1 Additional requirements for Types IV and XIII for pipe, tank, and equipment thermal insulation for temperatures from –320 to +165°F (–196 to +73.9°C) are contained in Annex A1.  
1.2 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is potentially regulated by codes that address fire performance. For some end uses, specifiers need to also address the effect of moisture and wind pressure resistance. Guidelines regarding these end use considerations are included in Appendix X1.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Technical specification
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ASTM
ASTM C1676/C1676M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Microporous Thermal Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, physical properties, and product forms of microporous thermal insulation for use on surfaces at temperatures from 80°C [176°F] up to 1150°C [2102°F], unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.  
1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermal insulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1335-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Non-Fibrous Content of Man-Made Rock and Slag Mineral Fiber Insulation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.  
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber, oil, and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.
Note 1: Industrial oils such as mineral or synthetic can be used to enhance the hydrophobic qualities and dust suppression.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C871-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, and Sodium Ions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride ions when evaluating the extractable ions.  
5.2 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides (and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concentrate at the hot stainless steel surface.  
5.3 The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insulation has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come from the insulation itself or from external sources. Furthermore, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation, external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at least mitigated (see also Specification C795).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.  
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion and any possible ion interferences in the extraction solution.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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