ASTM D4418-00(2006)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for Gas Turbines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides the user of gas turbine fuel oils and the designer of gas turbine fuel systems with an appreciation of the effects of fuel contaminants and general methods of controlling such contaminants in gas turbine fuel systems.
This practice is general in nature and should not be considered a substitute for any requirement imposed by warranty of the gas turbine manufacturer, or by federal, state, or local government regulations.
Although it cannot replace a knowledge of local conditions or the use of good engineering and scientific judgment, this practice does provide guidance in development of individual fuel management systems for the gas turbine user.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the receipt, storage, and handling of fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft. It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances in a fuel that could cause deterioration of either the fuel system, or the gas turbine, or both.
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selection of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D 2880, or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation:D4418–00 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Practice for
Receipt, Storage, and Handling of Fuels for
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Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant inAviation
Fuel by Line Sampling
1.1 Thispracticecoversthereceipt,storage,andhandlingof
D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
fuels for gas turbines, except for gas turbines used in aircraft.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
It is intended to provide guidance for the control of substances
Petroleum Products
inafuelthatcouldcausedeteriorationofeitherthefuelsystem,
D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and
or the gas turbine, or both.
Fuel Systems
1.2 This practice provides no guidance for either the selec-
tion of a grade of fuel, a topic covered by Specification D2880,
3. Terminology
or for the safety aspects of the fuel and fuel systems. For
3.1 fuel entering the combustor(s)—this term is used to
example, this practice does not address the spacings of storage
designate the fuel that is actually burned in the gas turbine.
tanks, loading and unloading facilities, etc., and procedures for
Fuel may actually be sampled at a point upstream from the
dealing with the flammability and toxic properties of the fuels.
point of entry into the combustor(s), provided the sample is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
representative of the fuel actually entering the combustor(s).
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 fuel contaminants—inprinciple,areanyfuelcomponent
only.
other than hydrocarbon oils. In the present context the con-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
taminants are foreign materials that make the fuel less suitable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
or even unsuitable for the intended use. The contaminants of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
primary interest are foreign materials introduced subsequent to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the manufacture of specification quality fuel. Hence they are
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
materials introduced in the distribution system (that is storage
2. Referenced Documents tanks, pipelines, tank, trucks, barges, etc.), or in the user’s
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storage and handling systems, or generated within these
2.1 ASTM Standards:
systems (rust generated in steel pipes and tanks by moist fuel,
D1500 TestMethodforASTMColorofPetroleumProducts
etc.). Contaminants may be soluble or insoluble in the fuel.
(ASTM Color Scale)
3.3 dissolved and free water—water may be present in the
D1796 Test Method forWater and Sediment in Fuel Oils by
fuel as dissolved water or as “free” (undissolved) water, or
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
both. The free water may be fresh or saline. Fresh water may
D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate
enter the fuel from steam coils in storage tanks, from conden-
Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
sation out of moisture-laden air, or from leaking cooling coils.
Saline water can enter the fuel during transportation in barges
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This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum or tankers.
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on
3.4 particulate solids—may enter a fuel from the air (sus-
Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
pended dirt and aerosols) or from the distribution and storage
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published June 2006. Originally
systems (rust, corrosion products, gasket debris, and so forth).
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4418 – 00. DOI:
10.1520/D4418-00R06.
3.5 metallic compounds—metals may be present as metallic
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
compounds in the fuel as a natural result of the composition of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
the crude oil and of the refining process. However, unless
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. special precautions are taken, additional metallic compounds
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4418–00 (2006)
can be acquired during distribution and storage.Acommercial tolerance devices, such as fl
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