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ASTM F2362-03(2019)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Temperature Monitoring Equipment

Standard Specification for Temperature Monitoring Equipment

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for temperature monitoring equipment for use in general applications. Such equipment shall be comprised of a temperature sensor in combination with a signal conditioner, a power supply, and a test device. Temperature sensors covered by this specification are divided into thermocouples, which measure direct or differential temperature, and resistance thermometers, which measure temperature changes based on changes in resistance of sensor element exposed to temperature. Each of these types of sensors may further be classified as follows. Thermocouples can be classified into three classes based on materials and temperature ranges: base metal, noble metal, and refractory metal. Resistance thermometers, on the other hand, can be classified according to the type of sensor element used: metal sensor element (resistance temperature detector or RTD) or semiconductor sensor element (thermistor). RTDs are available in various design configurations including averaging, annular, and combination RTD-thermocouple, while thermistors are classified based on the configuration of the semiconductor sensor element: bead, disc, washer, or rod. Qualification test shall be performed on the equipment and shall comply with the physical property and performance requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for equipment intended to provide control input and monitoring of temperatures in general applications. Equipment described in this specification includes temperature indicators, signal conditioners and power supplies, and temperature sensors such as thermocouples and resistance temperature element assemblies.  
1.2 Special requirements for Naval shipboard applications are included in the Supplementary Requirements section.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Nov-2019
ICS
17.200.20 - Temperature-measuring instruments
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.10 - Electrical
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM E344-16 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2016
Refers
ASTM D3951-15 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-May-2018
Refers
ASTM E344-18 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
Effective Date
01-Apr-2018
Refers
ASTM E344-19 - Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrometry
Effective Date
01-Sep-2019
Referred By
ASTM D5030/D5030M-21 - Standard Test Methods for Density of In-Place Soil and Rock Materials by the Water Replacement Method in a Test Pit
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019

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ASTM F2362-03(2019) - Standard Specification for Temperature Monitoring EquipmentASTM F2362-03(2019) - Standard Specification for Temperature Monitoring Equipment
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ASTM F2362-03(2019) - Standard Specification for Temperature Monitoring Equipment
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:F2362 −03 (Reapproved 2019) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
1
Temperature Monitoring Equipment
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2362; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Classification
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for equip- 4.1 General—Temperature measuring devices are generally
classified as either temperature sensors or thermometers. Ther-
ment intended to provide control input and monitoring of
temperatures in general applications. Equipment described in mometers are not covered by this specification. Temperature
sensors are classified by design and construction. Sensors may
this specification includes temperature indicators, signal con-
ditioners and power supplies, and temperature sensors such as also be classified by the manner of response, basically me-
chanical or electrical, to a change in temperature. Mechanical
thermocouples and resistance temperature element assemblies.
response is characterized by some mechanical action as tem-
1.2 Special requirements for Naval shipboard applications
perature changes. Electrical response is characterized by the
are included in the Supplementary Requirements section.
production or change of an electrical signal or property as
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
temperature changes. The following describes the most com-
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are
mon types of sensors:
provided for information only and are not considered standard.
4.2 Thermocouples—Thermocouples are constructed in a
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
variety of designs to provide measurement of direct or differ-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ential temperature. Thermocouples are commonly installed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
using a thermowell which protects the thermocouple but also
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
delays the rapid response time characteristic of thermocouples.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.2.1 Principle of Operation—Most thermocouples utilize
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
two wires fabricated from dissimilar metals joined at one end
to form a measuring junction that is exposed to the process
2. Referenced Documents
medium being measured. The other ends of the wires are
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
usually terminated at a measuring instrument which forms a
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
reference junction. When the two junctions are exposed to
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
different temperatures, electrical current will flow through the
etry
circuit (Seebeck Effect). The measurement of millivoltage
resulting from the current is proportional to the temperature
3. Terminology
being sensed.
4.2.2 Types of Thermocouples—Thermocouples can be di-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terminology shall be in ac-
vided into functional classes by materials and therefore,
cordance with Terminology E344.
temperature ranges. The three classes are base metal, noble
metal, and refractory metal. Although many types are com-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships monlyusedinindustrialapplications,theInstrumentSocietyof
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.10 on
America (ISA) has assigned letter designations to seven types.
Electrical.
By convention, the practice of using a slash mark to separate
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published February 2020. Originally
the materials of each thermocouple wire is widely accepted.
approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F2362 – 03 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/F2362-03R19.
Likewise, the order in which the materials appear also denotes
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
polarity of the wires; positive/negative when the measuring
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
junction is at a higher temperature than the reference junction.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. The following are examples of typical thermocouples:
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C7
...

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5.1 Most thermal analysis experiments are carried out under increasing temperature conditions where temperature is the independent parameter. Some experiments, however, are carried out under isothermal temperature conditions where the elapsed time to an event is measured as the independent parameter. Isothermal Kinetics (Test Methods E2070), Thermal Stability (Test Method E487), Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) (Test Methods D3895, D4565, D5483, E1858, and Specification D3350) and Loss-on-Drying (Test Methods E1868) are common examples of these kinds of experiments.  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
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This specification covers the requirements for bare solid conductors made of tungsten and rhenium alloy thermoelements supplied in matched pairs. These thermoelements shall be suitable for use in either bead-insulated, bare-wire thermocouples, or in compacted metal-sheathed, ceramic insulated thermocouple material or assemblies. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this specification applies to both thermocouple combinations of tungsten-3 % rhenium versus tungsten-25 % rhenium (W3Re/W25Re) and tungsten-5 % rhenium versus tungsten-26 % rhenium (W5Re/W26Re; Type C). Thermoelements should meet specified physical, mechanical, thermoelectric, and compositional requirements.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test procedures confirm and document that the thermocouple assembly was not damaged prior to or during the installation process and that the extension wires are properly connected.  
5.2 The test procedures should be used when thermocouple assemblies are first installed in their working environment.  
5.3 In the event of subsequent thermocouple failure, these procedures will provide benchmark data to verify failure and may help to identify the cause of failure.  
5.4 The usefulness and purpose of the applicable tests will be found within each category.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods for users to test metal sheathed thermocouple assemblies, including the extension wires just prior to and after installation or some period of service.  
1.2 The tests are intended to ensure that the thermocouple assemblies have not been damaged during storage or installation, to ensure that the extension wires have been attached to connectors and terminals with the correct polarity, and to provide benchmark data for later reference when testing to assess possible damage of the thermocouple assembly after operation. Some of these tests may not be appropriate for thermocouples that have been exposed to temperatures higher than the recommended limits for the particular type.  
1.3 The tests described herein include methods to measure the following characteristics of installed sheathed thermocouple assemblies and to provide benchmark data for determining if the thermocouple assembly has been subsequently damaged in operation:  
1.3.1 Loop Resistance:  
1.3.1.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.1.2 Combined extension wires and thermoelements.  
1.3.2 Insulation Resistance:  
1.3.2.1 Insulation, thermocouple assembly,
1.3.2.2 Insulation, thermocouple assembly and extension wires.  
1.3.3 Seebeck Voltage:  
1.3.3.1 Thermoelements,
1.3.3.2 Combined extension wires and thermocouple assembly.  
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for sheathed, Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear service. This specification can be used for sheathed thermocouples which are required for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples are as follows: Style G2 (grounded) in which measuring junction is electrically connected to conductive sheaths and Style U2 (ungrounded) in which measuring junctions are electrically isolated from conductive sheaths and from reference ground. Different properties of the sheath such as integrity, cracks, voids, inclusions, surface finish, surface defect, and metallurgical structure shall be determined by performing different tests. Insulation resistance between thermoelements and the sheath shall be measured as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for simplex, compacted mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS), Type K and N thermocouples for nuclear or other high reliability service. Depending on size, these thermocouples are normally suitable for operating temperatures to 1652 °F [900 °C]; special conditions of environment and life expectancy may permit their use at temperatures in excess of 2012 °F [1100 °C]. This specification was prepared to detail requirements for this type of MIMS thermocouple for use in nuclear environments, but they can also be used for laboratory or general commercial applications where the environmental conditions exceed normal service requirements. The intended use of a MIMS thermocouple in a specific nuclear application will require evaluation of the compatibility of the thermocouple, including the effect of the temperature, atmosphere, and integrated neutron flux on the materials and accuracy of the thermoelements in the proposed application by the purchaser.  
1.2 This specification does not attempt to include all possible specifications, standards, etc., for materials that may be used as sheathing, insulation, and thermocouple wires for sheathed-type construction. The requirements of this specification include only the austenitic stainless steels and other alloys as allowed by Specification E585/E585M for sheathing, magnesium oxide or aluminum oxide as insulation, and Type K and N thermocouple wires for thermoelements (see Note 1).  
1.3 General Design—Nominal sizes of the finished thermocouples shall be 0.0400 in., 0.0625 in., 0.125 in., 0.1875 in., or 0.250 in. [1.000 mm, 1.500 mm, 3.000 mm, 4.500 mm, or 6.000 mm]. Sheath dimensions and tolerances for each nominal size shall be in accordance with Table 1 and Figs. 1 and 2. The measuring junction styles for thermocouples covered by this specification are as follows:  
FIG. 1 Grounded Measuring Junction, Style G  
FIG. 2 Ungrounded Measuring Junction, Style U  
1.3.1 Style G2  (grounded)—The measuring junction is electrically connected to its conductive sheath, and  
1.3.2 Style U2 (ungrounded)—The measuring junction is electrically isolated from its conductive sheath and from reference ground.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents or conversions; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method addresses the dependence of temperature calibration on the temperature rate-of-change. This test method describes the determination of the thermal lag of thermal analysis apparatus and its application to the modification of the temperature calibration for that apparatus obtained at alternative linear temperature rates-of-change.  
1.2 This test method is applicable, but not limited to, the temperature calibration of differential thermal analyzers (DTAs), differential scanning calorimeters (DSCs), thermogravimetric analyzers (TGAs), thermomechanical analyzers (TMAs), and dynamic mechanical analyzers (DMAs).  
1.3 This test method is applicable only to apparatus demonstrating a linear relationship between indicated temperature and temperature rate-of-change.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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