ASTM ISO/ASTM51900-09

Standard Guide for Dosimetry in Radiation Research on Food and Agricultural Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide direction on dosimetry for experiments in food and agricultural research, and on the reporting of dosimetry results. Research concerning the effectiveness of irradiation of food and agricultural products to achieve a defined benefit involves very different absorbed-dose specifications from one study and one product to another. For example, the absorbed dose required to sterilize fruit flies is much lower than the doses required to inactivate some bacterial pathogens in meat, or to decontaminate spices.
NOTE 4 - Examples of the relevant effects of irradiation include reduction of viable food-borne bacteria, viruses and parasites and phytosanitary treatment (such as disinfestation of fruits and vegetables), prevention of sprouting, delay of ripening, and changes in product chemistry and quality. Further discussion of these effects is outside the scope of this guide. Refer to ASTM Guides F 1355, F 1356, F 1736 and F 1885.
4.2 Proper reporting of the irradiation aspect is important since the degree of biological effect may be a function of various factors such as the radiation source, the absorbed-dose rate, energy of the incident radiation, environmental effects during irradiation, and the type of incident radiation. This guide attempts to highlight the information, including the methodology and results of the absorbed-dose measurements, necessary for an experiment to be repeatable by other researchers.
NOTE 5 - Factors that may influence the response of agricultural products to ionizing radiation include genus, species, variety, vigor, life stage, initial quality, state of ripeness, temperature, moisture content, pH, packaging, shipping, and storage conditions. Although these factors are not discussed in this guide, they should be considered when planning experiments (see ASTM Guides F 1355, F 1356, F 1640, F 1736 and F 1885.
4.3 Ideally, an experiment should be designed to irradiate the sample as uniformly as possible. In...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the minimum requirements for dosimetry and absorbed-dose validation needed to conduct research on the irradiation of food and agricultural products. Such research includes establishment of the quantitative relationship between the absorbed dose and the relevant effects in these products. This guide also describes the overall need for dosimetry in such research, and in reporting of the results.
1.2 This guide is intended for use by research scientists in the food and agricultural communities, and not just scientists conducting irradiation research. It, therefore, includes more tutorial information than most other ASTM and ISO/ASTM dosimetry standards for radiation processing.
1.3 This guide is in no way intended to limit the flexibility of the experimenter in the experimental design. However, the radiation source and experimental set up should be chosen such that the results of the experiment will be beneficial and understandable to other scientists, regulatory agencies, and the food and agricultural communities.
1.4 The effects produced by ionizing radiation in biological systems depend on a large number of factors which may be physical, physiological, or chemical. Although not treated in detail in this guide, quantitative data of environmental factors that may affect the absorbed-dose response of dosimeters, such as temperature and moisture content in the food or agricultural products should be reported.
1.5 The overall uncertainty in the absorbed-dose measurement and the inherent absorbed-dose range within the specimen should be taken into account in the design of an experiment.
1.6 The guide covers research conducted using the following types of ionizing radiation: gamma rays, bremsstrahlung X-rays, and electron beams.
1.7 This guide does not include other aspects of radiation processing research, such as planning of the experimental design. Dosimetry must be considered as an integral part ...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 21-Jan-2002
• ICS: 17.240 - Radiation measurements
• ICS: 67.020 - Processes in the food industry
• Technical Committee: E61 - Radiation Processing
• Drafting Committee: E61.04 - Specialty Application

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
ISO/ASTM 51900:2009(E)
Standard Guide for
Dosimetry in Radiation Research on Food and Agricultural
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation ISO/ASTM 51900; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
1. Scope 1.5 The overall uncertainty in the absorbed-dose measure-
ment and the inherent absorbed-dose variation within the
1.1 Thisguidecoverstheminimumrequirementsfordosim-
irradiatedsampleshouldbetakenintoaccount(seeISO/ASTM
etry needed to conduct research on the effect of radiation on
Guide 51707).
food and agricultural products. Such research includes estab-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
lishment of the quantitative relationship between absorbed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
dose and the relevant effects in these products.This guide also
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
describes the overall need for dosimetry in such research, and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in reporting of the results. Dosimetry must be considered as an
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
integral part of the experiment.
2. Referenced documents
NOTE 1—The Codex Alimentarius Commission has developed an
international General Standard and a Code of Practice that address the
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
applicationofionizingradiationtothetreatmentoffoodsandthatstrongly
E170Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements and
emphasize the role of dosimetry for ensuring that irradiation will be
2
properly performed (1). Dosimetry
NOTE 2—This guide includes tutorial information in the form of Notes. E925Practice for Monitoring the Calibration of Ultraviolet-
Researchers should also refer to the references provided at the end of the
Visible Spectrophotometers whose Spectral Bandwidth
standard, and other applicable scientific literature, to assist in the
does not Exceed 2 nm
experimental methodology as applied to dosimetry (2-10).
E1026Practice for Using the Fricke Dosimetry System
1.2 This guide covers research conducted using the follow-
E2232Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Meth-
ing types of ionizing radiation: gamma radiation, X-ray
ods for CalculatingAbsorbed Dose in Radiation Process-
(bremsstrahlung), and electron beams.
ing Applications
E2303Guide for Absorbed-Dose Mapping in Radiation
1.3 This guide describes dosimetry requirements for estab-
Processing Facilities
lishingtheexperimentalmethodandforroutineexperiments.It
E2304Practice for Use of a LiF Photo-Fluorescent Film
does not include dosimetry requirements for installation quali-
Dosimetry System
fication or operational qualification of the irradiation facility.
E2381Guide for Dosimetry in Radiation Processing of
These subjects are treated in ISO/ASTM Practices 51204,
4
Fluidized Beds and Fluid Streams (Withdrawn 2016)
51431, 51608, 51649, and 51702.
F1355GuideforIrradiationofFreshAgriculturalProduceas
1.4 This guide is not intended to limit the flexibility of the
a Phytosanitary Treatment
experimenter in the determination of the experimental meth-
F1356Guide for Irradiation of Fresh, Frozen or Processed
odology.Thepurposeoftheguideistoensurethattheradiation
Meat and Poultry to Control Pathogens and Other Micro-
source and experimental methodology are chosen such that the
organisms
results of the experiment will be useful and understandable to
F1640Guide for Selection and Use of Contact Materials for
other scientists and regulatory agencies.
Foods to Be Irradiated
F1736Guide for Irradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Inverte-
brates Used as Food to Control Pathogens and Spoilage
1 Microorganisms
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiation
Processing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.04 on Specialty
Application, and is also under the jurisdiction of ISO/TC 85/WG 3.
3
Current edition approved June 18, 2008. Published June 2009. Originally For referenced ASTM and ISO/ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
publishedasASTME1900–97.LastpreviousASTMeditionE1900–97.Thepresent www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For
International Standard ISO/ASTM 51900:2009(E) replaces E1900–97 and is a Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s
major revision of the last previous edition ISO/ASTM 51900:2002(E). Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
2 4
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothebibliographyattheendofthis The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
guide. www.astm.org.
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ISO/ASTM 51900:2009(E)
F1885Guide for Irradiation of Dried Spices, He
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