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ASTM C946-91(1996)e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls

Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.
Note 1—Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete masonry construction have been written by the American Concrete Institute, "Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry Structures" and the National Concrete Masonry Associations, "Specification for the Design and Construction of Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry."
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Sep-1991
Technical Committee
C12 - Mortars and Grouts for Unit Masonry
Drafting Committee
C12.06 - Surface Bonding
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM C946-91(2001) - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
Effective Date
15-Sep-1991

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ASTM C946-91(1996)e1 - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded WallsASTM C946-91(1996)e1 - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
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ASTM C946-91(1996)e1 - Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or
withdrawn. Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: C 946 – 91 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Construction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in November 1996.
1. Scope Structures, Commentary-ACI 531R-79
2.3 International Masonry Industry All-Weather Council
1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and con-
Standards:
struction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to
Recommended Practices and Guide Specifications for Cold
both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not
Weather Masonry Construction
include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since
2.4 National Concrete Masonry Association Standard:
their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete
Specification for the Design and Construction of Load-
masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this
Bearing Concrete Masonry
practice.
3. Storage
NOTE 1—Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete
masonry construction have been written by the American Concrete
3.1 Deliver and store surface bonding mortar in original
Institute, “Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry Structures”
containers off the ground to prevent contact with water. Protect
and the National Concrete Masonry Associations, “Specification for the
from rain with suitable covering.
Design and Construction of Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry.”
3.2 Store concrete masonry units off the ground to prevent
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
contamination by mud, dust, and materials likely to cause
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided
staining or other defects, and protect from rain.
for information only.
4. Materials and Manufacture
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Concrete masonry units shall be clean and dry, meeting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the requirements of Type I, moisture-controlled units, of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
applicable ASTM specification (Specifications C 55, C 90,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C 129, and C 145). The surface to receive surface bonding
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mortar shall be free of paint, oil, efflorescence, or foreign
2. Referenced Documents
materials that interfere with bonding.
4.2 Mortar shall be mixed in accordance with the proportion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specification of Specification C 270 and shall be selected on
C 55 Specification for Concrete Building Brick
the basis of Appendix X1 of Specification C 270.
C 90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry
4.3 Surface bonding mortar shall meet the requirements of
Units
Specification C 887. If the dry mix contains hard lumps, it shall
C 129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry
not be used.
Units
4.4 Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with
C 145 Specification for Solid Load-Bearing Concrete Ma-
a minimum compressive strength of 2000 psi (13.8 MPa), or
sonry Units
steel protected from corrosion by a coating of zinc at least 0.8
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
2 2
oz/ft (2.4 gm/mm ), or by a coating of cadmium or zinc of
C 887 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials
equivalent corrosion resistance.
for Surface Bonding Mortar
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
5. Leveling Courses
531 Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry
5.1 Leveling courses, when needed, are to provide a smooth
1 4
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-12 on Mortars for Available from the American Concrete Institute, P.O. Box 19150, Detroit, MI
Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C12.06on Surface 48219.
Bonding. Available from the International Masonry Industry All-Weather Council,
Current edition approved September 15, 1991. Published November 1991. Mason Contractors Association of America, 17 W601 Fourteenth St., Oakbrook
Originally published as C 946 – 81. Last previous edition C 946 – 84 (1989). Terrace, IL 60181.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. Available from the National Concrete Masonry Assn., P.O. Box 781, Herndon,
Discontinued. See 1989 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05. VA 22070.
C 946
surface level within ⁄4 in. (6.35 mm) in 20 ft (6.1 m), for dry 7.5.1 Place water in the mixing container.
stacking concrete masonry units. Leveling courses shall be
7.5.2 Slowly add the dry surface bonding material.
located whenever a vertical difference greater than ⁄2 in. (12.7
7.5.3 Mix thoroughly.
mm) in 10 ft (3.0 m) occurs within one course. Leveling
7.6 Machine Mixing:
courses are usually located on the first course above the
7.6.1 Place water in mixer.
foundation, because footings are not normally placed in a level
7.6.2 Add the surface bonding material to the operating
condition, and at each floor level.
mixer.
5.2 When mortar or surface bonding mortar is used a
7.6.3 Mix thoroughly, 1 to 3 min after all materials have
leveling course, concrete masonry units shall be set in a full
been added.
bed of mortar, laid to a line with the top surface level, as
7.7 The mixture should be creamy, nonlumpy, and easy to
defined in 5.1, and butted together with no mortar in the head
apply.
joints. Bed joints shall be struck flush. If the cores are to be
7.8 Admixtures may be permitted within the limits set by
grouted, no mortar shall be placed in the space to receive grout.
Specification C 887 and the manufacturer of the surface
5.3 Allow mortar to set sufficiently so no movement breaks
bonding mortar. If desired, admixtures must be specified in the
the bond whil
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
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1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
5.2 Research O.N. is used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a primary specification measurement related to the matching of fuels and engines.  
5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
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5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
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5.4 Research O.N. is important in relation to the specifications for spark-ignition engine fuels used in stationary and other nonautomotive engine applications.
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1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.  
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5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
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5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
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5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof cement suitable for trowel application to roofings and flashings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
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