ASTM D4843-88(2009)

Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is intended for the evaluation of the wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test method.
This test method may be used for the comparison of wetting and drying resistance of wastes.
Data tabulated in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 may be used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of specimens and/or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of different wastes, as well as to measure method-related mass losses such as matrix dissolution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens.
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2009
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.01.06 - Analytical Methods

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4843-88(2004)e1 - Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM D4843-88(2016) - Standard Test Method for Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2016
• Referred By: ASTM E2060-22 - Standard Guide for Use of Coal Combustion Products for Solidification/Stabilization of Inorganic Wastes
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4843 − 88(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4843; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.3 Data tabulated in Table1, Table2, and Table3 may be
used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining
specimens and/or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of
material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of
different wastes, as well as to measure method-related mass
solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of
losses such as matrix dissolution.
the disintegration of solid specimens.
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the
4. Apparatus
procedurebephysically,chemically,andbiologicallyrepresen-
4.1 Disposable Molds, 44 mm inside diameter by 74 mm in
tative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the
length.
inhomogeneity of specimens.
4.2 Balance or Scale, with a capacity at least 50% greater
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
than the mass of the specimen and beaker, and a sensitivity of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
0.01 g.
standard.
4.3 Drying Oven, a thermostatically controlled drying oven
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6 2°C; to be used
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
for drying moisture specimen and for the solids content
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
determination.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.4 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6
3°C; at a nitrogen purge rate specified in 4.5.
2. Referenced Documents
4.5 Flow Controller, to set nitrogen purge flow at a rate that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
will give 30 6 5 min residence time.
C305Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
4.6 Moisture Chamber,asuitablycoveredcontainercapable
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
of maintaining a temperature of 20 6 3°C and minimum 95%
D2216Test Methods for Laboratory Determination ofWater
relative humidity, for preconditioning specimens.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
4.7 Beakers,400-mLsize(narrowtype),tostoresampleand
3. Significance and Use
to collect particulates.
3.1 This test method is intended for the evaluation of the
4.8 Tongs, to handle samples.
wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/
stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test
5. Sample Preparation
method.
5.1 Specimen Size—44 mm diameter by 74 mm in length.
3.2 This test method may be used for the comparison of
5.1.1 Specimens may be cut to size from larger samples.
wetting and drying resistance of wastes.
5.1.2 Specimens can also be molded in disposable plastic
molds. When molding specimens refer to Practice C305 (see
2.1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 on
NOTE1—PracticeC305referstopastesandmortars.Moldingmaterials
Analytical Methods.
with different consistency may require modifications and may result in
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally
different precision.
ε1
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4843–88 (2004) .
DOI: 10.1520/D4843-88R09.
5.2 Conditionsamplesthatarenotmoldedforthistestinthe
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
moisture chamber for a period of seven days.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.1 Samples molded for this test have to be cured in the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. moisture chamber for a period of 28 days.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4843 − 88 (2009)
6. Procedure 6.5.1 Use watch glass or plastic wrap.
6.5.2 The tare mass of beaker shall be determined after
6.1 Selectonespecimenformoisturecontentdetermination.
drying in accordance with Test Method D2216.
6.2 DeterminemoisturecontentofsamplewithTestMethod
D2216 but revised to use a temperature of 60 6 3°C (see
6.6 Placethethreebeakerscontainingthetestingspecimens
section 2.2).
in an oven. Maintain the temperature at 60 6 3°C for 24 h
whilepurgingtheovenwithnitrogengasatthecontrolledflow
6.3 Select three specimens for testing and three for control
rate corresponding to 30 6 5 min residence time.
and mark them respectively.
6.6.1 In order to remove moisture from the nitrogen stream,
6.4 Weigh specimens (accuracy to 0.01 g).
a water-cooled condenser and condensate collection flask may
6.5 Place each specimen into a beaker of known tare mass
be used downstream from the oven.
(accuracy to 0.01 g) and cover it.
D4843 − 88 (2009)
where:
M = oven dry mass of specimen, g
s
M = initial mass of specimen, g, and
sw
w = moisture content, %.
It is assumed that the moisture contents of specimens are
identical. Oven dry masses of sample and control specimens
are calculated on that basis.
7.2 Calculate corrected mass loss of specimens after each
cycle. Express mass loss in percent of initial calculated
oven-dry mass. Calculate average cumulated corrected mass
loss of specimens after each cyc
...