ASTM D7310-11
(Guide)Standard Guide for Defect Detection and Rating of Plastic Films Using Optical Sensors
Standard Guide for Defect Detection and Rating of Plastic Films Using Optical Sensors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Defects in film are not acceptable to the end-user as there is a reduction in the fitness-for-use in many applications. This document is intended to be a guide to assist users in the inspection and observation of defects.
This guide is applicable in a laboratory environment as a quality control or as a research tool. It is also appropriate for use in any commercial process used to produce film including calendering and solvent casting.
This guide is also suitable for use as an evaluation or screening tool for materials intended to be used in other processes where defects of this nature are also critical, such as fiber spinning and non-wovens.
The individual user must establish the relationship between the criteria and acceptance for fitness-for-use and the observed defects, as it varies by polymer and application. This is attained by the collection of data over a time-period to establish acceptable control limits.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to provide suggested approaches and criteria for the observation and reporting of defects in various types of plastic film, by means of an optical scanning system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
General Information
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Designation: D7310 − 11
Standard Guide for
Defect Detection and Rating of Plastic Films Using Optical
1
Sensors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7310; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope use in any commercial process used to produce film including
calendering and solvent casting.
1.1 This guide is intended to provide suggested approaches
and criteria for the observation and reporting of defects in 4.3 This guide is also suitable for use as an evaluation or
various types of plastic film, by means of an optical scanning screening tool for materials intended to be used in other
system. processes where defects of this nature are also critical, such as
fiber spinning and non-wovens.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.4 The individual user must establish the relationship
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
between the criteria and acceptance for fitness-for-use and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
observed defects, as it varies by polymer and application. This
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is attained by the collection of data over a time-period to
establish acceptable control limits.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
5. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Extruder—Adevice for melting polymer that produces a
2.1 ASTM Standards:
flat or blown (tubular) film with sizes varying from lab-scale to
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
production-scale.
3. Terminology
NOTE 2—Although this technique is utilized for many different pro-
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: cesses used for producing films, the extrusion systems described in the
following section represent the more prevalent process used.This is not to
3.1.1 defect—for the purpose of this guide any entity in the
imply that the guidance provided for utilizing this type of instrumentation
filmthatislargeenoughtobedetectedbyanopticalsensorand
cannot be applied to other processes or other applications.
is either polymeric in nature or caused by degradation, external
5.1.1 Flat Film Extrusion—An extrusion system that pro-
contamination, undispersed additives or pigments, or similar
duces a flat film that is quenched immediately after extrusion
sources.
by means of one or more cooling devices such as an air knife,
chill roll or water bath.
4. Significance and Use
5.1.2 Blown or tubular extrusion –An extrusion system that
4.1 Defects in film are not acceptable to the end-user as
produces a tubular “bubble” of film from a circular die, usually
there is a reduction in the fitness-for-use in many applications.
equipped with an air-ring to cool the polymer.
This document is intended to be a guide to assist users in the
5.2 Screen Pack—Although commonly used in commercial
inspection and observation of defects.
or semi-commercial environments, screen packs are not gen-
4.2 This guide is applicable in a laboratory environment as
erally used in laboratory units intended for research or quality
a quality control or as a research tool. It is also appropriate for
functions.
5.3 Defect Detection System—An optical scanning system
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and with a light source, an analog or digital camera, and an image
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
processor. The optical characteristics of the camera are critical
Products.
for detecting small (30 µm) defects and it is important that the
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally
instrument manufacturer be informed of the detection needs
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7310 - 07.
DOI:10.1520/D7310-11.
when choosing a system.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
NOTE 3—Other types of detection systems than the ones described in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on this guide are available, but are outside the scope of the guide and are not
the ASTM website. defined.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7310 − 11
5.3.1 Transmission Mode (Transparent or Translucent Film same conditions must be used consistently to ensure repeatable
Configuration)—Theca
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7310–07 Designation: D7310 – 11
Standard Guide for
Defect Detection and Rating of Plastic Films Using Optical
1
Sensors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7310; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to provide suggested approaches and criteria for the observation and reporting of defects in various
types of plastic film, by means of an optical scanning system.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 defect—for the purpose of this guide,guide any entity in the film that is large enough to be detected by an optical sensor
and is either polymeric in nature or caused by degradation, external contamination, undispersed additives or pigments, or similar
sources.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Defects in film are not acceptable to the end-user as there is a reduction in the fitness-for-use, in many applications. This
document is intended to be a guide to assist users in the inspection and observation of defects.
4.2 This guide is applicable in a laboratory environment as a quality control or as a research tool. It is also appropriate for use
in any commercial process used to produce film including calendering and solvent casting.
4.3 This guide is also suitable for use as an evaluation or screening tool for materials intended to be used in other processes
where defects of this nature are also critical, such as fiber spinning and non-wovens.
4.4 The individual user must agree uponestablish the relationship between the criteria and acceptance for fitness-for-use and the
observed defects, as it varies by polymer and application. This is attained by the collection of data over a time-period to establish
acceptable control limits.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Extruder—Adevice for melting polymer that produces a flat or blown (tubular) film,film with sizes varying from lab-scale
to production-scale.
NOTE 2—Although this technique is utilized for many different processes used for producing films, the extrusion systems described in the following
section represent the more prevalent process used. This is not to imply that the guidance provided for utilizing this type of instrumentation cannot be
applied to other processes or other applications.
5.1.1 Flat Film Extrusion—An extrusion system that produces a flat film that is quenched immediately after extrusion by means
of one or more cooling devices such as an air knife, chill roll or water bath.
5.1.2 Blown or tubular extrusion – An extrusion system that produces a tubular “bubble” of film from a circular die, usually
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film and Sheeting.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. DOI: 10.1520/D7310-07.on Molded and Extruded Products.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published January 2012. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7310 - 07. DOI:10.1520/
D7310-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7310 – 11
equipped with an air-ring to cool the polymer.
5.2 Screen Pack—Although commonly used in commercial or semi-commercial environments, screen packs are not generally
used in laboratory units intended for research or quality functions.
5.3 Defect Detection System—An optical scanning system with a light source, an analog or digital camera, and an image
processor. The optical characteristics of the camera are critical for detectin
...
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