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ASTM B848-10

(Specification)

Specification for Powder Forged (P/F) Ferrous Materials

Specification for Powder Forged (P/F) Ferrous Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts. The strcutural parts shall be made by hot forging of powder metallurgy preforms in confined dies with or without subsequent heat treatment. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for nickel, molybdenum, manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, silicon, phosphorus, carbon, and oxygen. The mechanical properties such as yield strength, elongation, Rockwell hardness, impact energy, compressive yield strength and fatigue shal be determined using the tensile test method, Charpy V-notch impact energy test method, and hardness test method. The materials shall conform to the required surface finger oxide penetration, interparticle oxide networks, decarburization depth, and nonmetallic inclusion level.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron powders and intended for use as structural parts.  
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made from the following materials:  
1.2.1 Compositions:  
1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder and graphite powder),  
1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),  
1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),  
1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX Copper-Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),  
1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),  
1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),  
1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder), and  
1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder).  
Note 1—Alloy composition designations are modifications of the AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon steel containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits of alloy and impurity elements may be different from the AISI-SAE limits. Chemical composition limits are specified in Section 6.
Note 2—XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given specified carbon content, the permissible limits shall be as specified in 6.2.  
Note 3—The old acronym for powder forging P/F has been replaced by PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder forging. No change has been made to the material specification and performance characteristics for the various powder forged materials.  
1.2.2 Grades:
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of 0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.  
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of 1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2010
ICS
77.160 - Powder metallurgy
Technical Committee
B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
Drafting Committee
B09.11 - Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B848-05 - Specification for Powder Forged (P/F) Ferrous Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B848 −10
StandardSpecification for
1
Powder Forged (PF) Ferrous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE3—TheoldacronymforpowderforgingP/Fhasbeenreplacedby
1. Scope*
PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materi-
designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder
als fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or forging. No change has been made to the material specification and
performance characteristics for the various powder forged materials.
iron powders and intended for use as structural parts.
1.2.2 Grades:
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of
from the following materials:
0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the
1.2.1 Compositions:
powder forged part so designated by the applicable part
1.2.1.1 PF-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized
drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
iron powder and graphite powder),
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of
1.2.1.2 PF-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from
1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the
atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),
powder forged part so designated by the applicable part
1.2.1.3 PF-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for
drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
enhanced machinability(producedfromatomizedironpowder,
manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.2.1.4 PF-11CXX Copper-Carbon Steel with manganese
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
iron powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
powders),
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
1.2.1.5 PF-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced
with the standard.
from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder
and graphite powder), 2. Referenced Documents
1.2.1.6 PF-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced 2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
and graphite powder),
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
1.2.1.7 PF-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from preal-
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
loyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
powder), and
B795 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of Al-
1.2.1.8 PF-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from preal-
loyed or Unalloyed Iron Contamination Present in Powder
loyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite pow-
Forged (PF) Steel Materials
der).
B796 Test Method for Nonmetallic Inclusion Content of
Ferrous Powders Intended for Powder Forging (PF) Ap-
NOTE 1—Alloy composition designations are modifications of the
AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon
plications
steel containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits
B797 Test Method for Surface Finger Oxide Penetration
ofalloyandimpurityelementsmaybedifferentfromtheAISI-SAElimits.
Depth and Presence of Interparticle Oxide Networks in
Chemical composition limits are specified in Section 6.
Powder Forged (P/F) Steel Parts
NOTE 2—XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a
percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given B934 Test Method for Effective Case Depth of Ferrous
specifiedcarboncontent,thepermissiblelimitsshallbeasspecifiedin6.2.
Powder Metallurgy (PM) Parts Using Microindentation
Hardness Measurements
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
2
tee B09.11 on Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published March 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as B848 – 05. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/B0848-10. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the e
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:B848–05 Designation: B848 – 10
Standard Specification for
1
Powder Forged (P/F)(PF) Ferrous Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B848; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers powder forged ferrous materials fabricated by hot densification of atomized prealloyed or iron
powders and intended for use as structural parts.
1.2 This specification covers powder forged parts made from the following materials:
1.2.1 Compositions:
1.2.1.1 P/F-10XX Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder and graphite powder),
1.2.1.2 P/F-10CXX Copper-Carbon Steel (produced from atomized iron powder, copper and graphite powders),
1.2.1.3 P/F-11XX Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron powder,
manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.4 P/F-11CXX Copper-Carbon Steel with manganese sulfide for enhanced machinability (produced from atomized iron
powder, copper, manganese sulfide, and graphite powders),
1.2.1.5 P/F-42XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and
graphite powder),
1.2.1.6 P/F-46XX Nickel-Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-nickel-molybdenum powder and
graphite powder),
1.2.1.7 P/F-44XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder),
and
1.2.1.8 P/F-49XX Molybdenum Steel (produced from prealloyed atomized iron-molybdenum powder and graphite powder).
NOTE 1—Alloy composition designations are modifications of the AISI-SAE nomenclature. For example: 10CXX designates a plain carbon steel
containing copper and XX amount of carbon. Compositional limits of alloy and impurity elements may be different from theAISI-SAE limits. Chemical
composition limits are specified in Section 6.
NOTE 2—XX designates the forged carbon content, in hundredths of a percent, that is specified by the purchaser for the application. For a given
specified carbon content, the permissible limits shall be as specified in 6.2.
NOTE 3—The old acronym for powder forging P/F has been replaced by PF throughout the document. The change in the prefix for the material
designations is just to match the currently approved acronym for powder forging. No change has been made to the material specification and performance
characteristics for the various powder forged materials.
1.2.2 Grades:
1.2.2.1 Grade A—Density equivalent to a maximum of 0.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder
forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
1.2.2.2 Grade B—Density equivalent to a maximum of 1.5 % porosity. The minimum density of those sections of the powder
forged part so designated by the applicable part drawing shall not be less than the value specified in Table 1.
1.3Property values stated in inch-pound units are the standard. Conversion factors to SI units may be approximate.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A255 Test Methods for Determining Hardenability of Steel
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.11 on Near Full Density Powder Metallurgy Materials.
Current edition approved Oct.Dec. 1, 2005.2010. Published October 2005.March 2011. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
B848 – 015. DOI: 10.1520/B0848-105.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

------
...

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Standard Test Method for Tap Density of Metal Powders and Compounds

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tap density physical characteristic of metal powders and related compounds. The measured tap density bears a relationship to the mass of powder that will fill a fixed volume die cavity or other container in situations where the container is tapped, vibrated, or otherwise agitated. The degree of correlation between the results of this test method and the quality of powders in use will vary with each particular application and has not been fully determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method for the determination of tap density (packed density) of metal powders and compounds, that is, the density of a powder that has been tapped, to settle contents, in a container under specified conditions.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B963-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Oil Content, Oil-Impregnation Efficiency, and Surface-Connected Porosity of Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.  
5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.  
5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bearings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.  
5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for quality control or compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.  
1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.  
1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.  
1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.  
1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    6 pages
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    sale 15% off