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ASTM D8004-15

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing

Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for a reliable field determination of fuel dilution that is quick and preparation-free. Results are obtained in approximately 1 min. Such a method is used, for example, at remote railroad depots where it is impractical to carry out a standard laboratory method for determination of fuel dilution, such as described in Test Method D7593, but it is a critical need to determine if fuel has contaminated the lubricant. If fuel has contaminated the lubricant, this is significantly detrimental to the machinery and it is typically serviced immediately. Further, the fuel can ignite at the high temperatures encountered in machinery lubricant paths.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a means for determining the amount of fuel dilution present in an in-service lubricant. This is achieved by drawing into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor vapor from the lubricant. Fuel vapor will be absorbed by the SAW sensor’s polymer coating. The amount of absorbance is then related to fuel content in the lubricant.  
1.2 The range of fuel dilution capable of being measured by the test method is from 0.1 % to 10.0 % by mass fuel dilution.  
1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to determining the fuel dilution of in-service lubricants, including newly utilized lubricants. The method is applicable to contamination with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 9.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2015
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.96.02 - Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D8004-15 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave SensingASTM D8004-15 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing
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ASTM D8004-15 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensing
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8004 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Fuel Dilution of In-Service Lubricants Using Surface
1
Acoustic Wave Sensing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8004; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Using Relevant ASTM Standard Practices
D7593 Test Method for Determination of Fuel Dilution for
1.1 This test method describes a means for determining the
In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
amount of fuel dilution present in an in-service lubricant. This
D7669 Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend
is achieved by drawing into a surface acoustic wave (SAW)
Analysis
sensor vapor from the lubricant. Fuel vapor will be absorbed by
D7720 Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm
the SAW sensor’s polymer coating. The amount of absorbance
Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment
is then related to fuel content in the lubricant.
and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
1.2 The range of fuel dilution capable of being measured by
the test method is from 0.1 % to 10.0 % by mass fuel dilution.
3. Terminology
1.3 This test method is specifically tailored to determining
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the fuel dilution of in-service lubricants, including newly
3.1.1 fuel dilution sample holder, n—a bottle that contains
utilized lubricants. The method is applicable to contamination
the lubricant to be analyzed. For example, this may be a
with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels.
standard 125 mL bottle (see Fig. 1, example configuration A)
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as or a standard 30 mL laboratory vial (see Fig. 2, example
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this configuration B).
standard.
3.1.2 fuel dilution sample inlet, n—a tube that connects the
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sample to the SAW sensor.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 fuel dilution sample stand, n—mechanical device for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
holding the bottle of lubricant in the SAW fuel dilution
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
apparatus in a way such that the headspace from the bottle is
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.See Section 9.
directly fed into the SAW element.
3.1.4 fuel dilution seal, n—a mechanism that seals the fuel
2. Referenced Documents
dilution sample holder to the vapor path leading to the SAW
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sensor.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
3.1.5 SAW fuel dilution apparatus, n—a device that mea-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
sures fuel dilution using surface acoustic wave (SAW) tech-
Petroleum Products
nology. This is achieved by drawing vapor from the lubricant
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement
into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor. The fuel dilution
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
apparatus measures the concentration of contaminating fuel
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
vapor present in the air “headspace” over the lubricant. The
D7235 Guide for Establishing a Linear Correlation Relation-
fuel dilution apparatus assumes that this headspace fuel vapor
ship Between Analyzer and Primary Test Method Results
concentration is directly proportional to the fuel present in the
oil. This relationship is based on Henry’s Law. As fuel
1
contamination builds up, a vapor concentration will be estab-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
lished in the headspace that is directly proportional to the
Subcommittee D02.96.02 on Chemistry for the Evaluation of In-Service Lubricants.
concentration dissolved in the oil. The fuel dilution apparatus
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015. Published October 2015. DOI: 10.1520/
uses a SAW sensor to make these measurements.
D8004-15
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3.1.6 SAW sensor, n—consists of a piezoelectric substrate
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
that has an interdigitated electrode lithographically patterned
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. on its surface. The surface of the SAW sensor has a polymer
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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