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ASTM E456-02e1

(Terminology)

Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics

Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology includes those quality and statistical terms in wide use in ASTM for which standard definitions appear desirable.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Oct-2002
ICS
01.040.07 - Natural and applied sciences (Vocabularies)
07.020 - Mathematics
Technical Committee
E11 - Quality and Statistics
Drafting Committee
E11.70 - Editorial/Terminology
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E456-02 - Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM C272/C272M-18 - Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D792-20 - Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D3039/D3039M-17 - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM C613-19 - Standard Test Method for Constituent Content of Composite Prepreg by Soxhlet Extraction
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM E2262-03(2020) - Standard Practice for Estimating Thurstonian Discriminal Distances
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM C802-14(2022) - Standard Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Program to Determine the Precision of Test Methods for Construction Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D1603-20 - Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Content in Olefin Plastics
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7337/D7337M-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Creep Rupture of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite Bars
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6883-17 - Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Stationary Coal from Railroad Cars, Barges, Trucks, or Stockpiles
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D4877-19 - Standard Test Method for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of APHA Color in Isocyanates
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7078/D7078M-20e1 - Standard Test Method for Shear Properties of Composite Materials by V-Notched Rail Shear Method
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D2699-23 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM B939-21 - Standard Test Method for Radial Crushing Strength, <emph type="bdit">K</emph>, of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Bearings and Structural Materials
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6115-97(2019) - Standard Test Method for Mode I Fatigue Delamination Growth Onset of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites
Effective Date
10-Oct-2002

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ASTM E456-02e1 - Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and StatisticsASTM E456-02e1 - Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
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ASTM E456-02e1 - Standard Terminology for Relating to Quality and Statistics
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:E456–02
Standard Terminology
1
Relating to Quality and Statistics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in January 2004.
1. Scope its usage. These references may be to other practices and
guides or to more specific terminology standards, such as
1.1 This terminology includes those quality and statistical
Terminology E1325.
terms in wide use in ASTM for which standard definitions
appear desirable.
4. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
acceptance (control chart or acceptance control chart
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: usage, n), n—a decision that the process is operating in a
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to satisfactory manner with respect to the statistical measures
Determine Conformance with Specifications being plotted: action limits: control limits.
E177 Practice for the Use of the Terms Precision and Bias accepted reference value, n—a value that serves as an
in ASTM Test Methods agreed-upon reference for comparison, and which is derived
E178 Practice for Dealing with Outlying Observations as: (1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
E1169 Guide for Conducting Ruggedness Tests principles, (2) an assigned or certified value, based on
E1325 Terminology Relating to Design of Experiments experimental work of some national or international organi-
E1402 Terminology Relating to Sampling zation, or (3) a consensus or certified value, based on
E1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Develop- collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a
ing and Applying Test Methods scientific or engineering group.
E1994 Practice for Use of Process Oriented AOQL and accuracy, n—the closeness of agreement between a test result
LTPD Sampling Plans and an accepted reference value.
E2281 Practice for Process and Measurement Capability
NOTE 1—The term accuracy, when applied to a set of test results,
Indices
involves a combination of a random component and of a common
E2282 GuideforDefiningtheTestResultofaTestMethod
systematic error or bias component.
E2334 PracticeforSettinganUpperConfidenceBoundfor
aliases, n—in a fractional factorial design,twoormoreeffects
aFractionorNumberofNon-ConformingItems,oraRate
which are estimated by the same contrast and which,
ofOccurrenceforNon-Conformities,UsingAttributeData,
therefore, cannot be estimated separately. E 1325
When there is a Zero Response in the Sample
assignable cause, n—afactorthatcontributestovariation,and
which is feasible to detect and identify.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Thisterminologyisthegeneralterminologystandardfor
NOTE 2—Many factors will contribute to variation but it may not be
terms defined by Committee E-11. feasible (economically or otherwise) to identify some of them.
3.2 Citation is made to other E-11 standards which contain
attribute data, n—observed values or determinations which
more extensive information regarding the particular term and
indicate the presence or absence of specific characteristics.
DISCUSSION—Itemsorunitsofmaterialmaybeevaluatedbycounting
1
ThisterminologyisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE11onQuality
or measurement. Attributes are counted whereas variables are mea-
and Statistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.60 on Terminol-
sured. Attribute distributions are discrete. See variables data.
ogy.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
attributes, method of, n—measurement of quality by the
published as E456–72. Last previous edition E456–96.
method of attributes consists of noting the presence (or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
absence) of some characteristic or attribute in each of the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on units in the group under consideration, and counting how
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact ASTM
International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
E456–02
cartons that contain boxes or packages within them.
many units do (or do not) possess the quality attribute, or
how many such events occur in the unit, group, or area.
completely random
...

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