ASTM D5568-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave Frequencies
Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave Frequencies
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Design calculations for radio frequency (RF), microwave and millimetre-wave components require the knowledge of values of complex permittivity and permeability at operating frequencies. This test method is useful for evaluating small experimental batch or continuous production materials used in electromagnetic applications. Use this method to determine complex permittivity only (in non-magnetic materials) or both complex permittivity and permeability simultaneously.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining relative complex permittivity (relative dielectric constant and loss) and relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is acceptable to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 100 MHz to over 20 GHz. These limits are not exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen holder, and on the applicable frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements. The practical lower and upper frequencies are limited by specimen dimension requirements (large specimens at low frequencies and small specimens at high frequencies). Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be suitable. Use of multiple rectangular waveguide transmission line sizes are required to cover this entire frequency range (100 MHz to 20 GHz). This test method can also be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture is preferred over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in English units. The equations shown here assume an e+jωt harmonic time convention.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D5568 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative
Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave
1
Frequencies Using Waveguide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining 2.1 ASTM Standards:
relative complex permittivity (relative dielectric constant and D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
loss)andrelativemagneticpermeabilityofisotropic,reciprocal
3. Terminology
(non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is
nonmagnetic, it is acceptable to use this procedure to measure
3.1 For other definitions used in this test method, refer to
permittivity only. Terminology D1711.
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency 3.2 Definitions:
range of approximately 100 MHz to over 20 GHz.These limits 3.2.1 relative complex permittivity (relative complex dielec-
*
are not exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size tric constant), ε ,n—the proportionality factor that relates the
r
of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen electric field to the electric flux density, and which depends on
holder, and on the applicable frequency range of the network intrinsic material properties such as molecular polarizability,
analyzer used to make measurements. The practical lower and charge mobility, etc.:
upper frequencies are limited by specimen dimension require-
W
D
* ' ''
ments (large specimens at low frequencies and small speci-
ε 5ε 2 jε 5 (1)
r r r
W
ε E
mens at high frequencies). Being a non-resonant method, the 0
selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies
where:
in a measurement band would be suitable. Use of multiple
ε = the permittivity of free space,
0
rectangular waveguide transmission line sizes are required to
→
D = the electric flux density vector, and
cover this entire frequency range (100 MHz to 20 GHz). This
→
testmethodcanalsobegenerallyappliedtocircularwaveguide
E = the electric field vector.
test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture is preferred
over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or 3.2.1.1 Discussion—In common usage the word “relative”
is frequently dropped. The real part of complex relative
are difficult to manufacture precisely.
'
permittivity (ε ) is often referred to as simply relative
r
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
permittivity, permittivity or dielectric constant. The imaginary
standard. The values given in parentheses are in English units.
''
+jωt part of complex relative permittivity (ε ) is often referred to as
r
The equations shown here assume an e harmonic time
the loss factor. In anisotropic media, permittivity is described
convention.
by a three dimensional tensor.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1.2 Discussion—For the purposes of this test method,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the media is considered to be isotropic, and therefore permit-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tivity is a single complex number at each frequency.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
*
3.2.2 relative complex permeability, µ ,n—the proportion-
r
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ality factor that relates the magnetic flux density to the
magnetic field, and which depends on intrinsic material prop-
erties such as magnetic moment, domain magnetization, etc.:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5568 – 01. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5568-08. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5568 − 08
W For example, the forward transmission coefficient S is the
B 21
* ' ''
µ 5 µ 2jµ 5 (2)
r r r ratioofthetransmittedwavevoltageatReferencePlane2(Port
W
µ
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5568–01 Designation:D5568–08
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative
Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave
1
Frequencies Using Waveguide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingrelativecomplexpermittivity(relativedielectricconstantandlossindex)
and relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (nongyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, this
procedure may be used to measure permittivity only.
1.2This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 1 MHz to 50 GHz. These limits are not exact
and depend on the size of the specimen, the size and type of transmission line used as a specimen holder, and on the applicable
frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements. The lower frequency is limited by the smallest measurable
phase shift through a specimen, and the upper frequency limit is determined by the excitation of higher-order modes that
invalidates the dominant-mode transmission line model.Any number of discrete measurement frequencies may be selected in this
frequency range.To achieve maximum measurement accuracy, use of different transmission line sizes and types may be required.
For example, use of a 7-mm diameter coaxial geometry can provide for measurements from 1 MHz to 18 GHz. However, air gaps
that exist between the specimen and the transmission line’s conductors introduce errors that may necessitate the use of a larger
diameter coaxial transmission line and a series of rectangular wave guides of different size to cover this frequency range.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingrelativecomplexpermittivity(relativedielectricconstantandloss)and
relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is
acceptable to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 100 MHz to over 20 GHz.These limits are not
exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen holder, and
ontheapplicablefrequencyrangeofthenetworkanalyzerusedtomakemeasurements.Thepracticallowerandupperfrequencies
are limited by specimen dimension requirements (large specimens at low frequencies and small specimens at high frequencies).
Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be
suitable.Useofmultiplerectangularwaveguidetransmissionlinesizesarerequiredtocoverthisentirefrequencyrange(100MHz
to 20 GHz). This test method can also be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture
is preferred over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in English units. The
+jvt
equations shown here assume an e harmonic time convention.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally published as D5568–94. Last previous edition D5568–95.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5568–01.
2
ASTM STP 926 “Engineering Dielectrics, Volume 11B, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Mater
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D5568–01 Designation:D5568–08
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative
Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave
1
Frequencies Using Waveguide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingrelativecomplexpermittivity(relativedielectricconstantandlossindex)
and relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (nongyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, this
procedure may be used to measure permittivity only.
1.2This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 1 MHz to 50 GHz. These limits are not exact
and depend on the size of the specimen, the size and type of transmission line used as a specimen holder, and on the applicable
frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements. The lower frequency is limited by the smallest measurable
phase shift through a specimen, and the upper frequency limit is determined by the excitation of higher-order modes that
invalidates the dominant-mode transmission line model.Any number of discrete measurement frequencies may be selected in this
frequency range.To achieve maximum measurement accuracy, use of different transmission line sizes and types may be required.
For example, use of a 7-mm diameter coaxial geometry can provide for measurements from 1 MHz to 18 GHz. However, air gaps
that exist between the specimen and the transmission line’s conductors introduce errors that may necessitate the use of a larger
diameter coaxial transmission line and a series of rectangular wave guides of different size to cover this frequency range.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversaprocedurefordeterminingrelativecomplexpermittivity(relativedielectricconstantandloss)and
relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is
acceptable to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 100 MHz to over 20 GHz.These limits are not
exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen holder, and
ontheapplicablefrequencyrangeofthenetworkanalyzerusedtomakemeasurements.Thepracticallowerandupperfrequencies
are limited by specimen dimension requirements (large specimens at low frequencies and small specimens at high frequencies).
Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be
suitable.Useofmultiplerectangularwaveguidetransmissionlinesizesarerequiredtocoverthisentirefrequencyrange(100MHz
to 20 GHz). This test method can also be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture
is preferred over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in English units. The
+jvt
equations shown here assume an e harmonic time convention.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved Mar. 10, 2001. Published May 2001. Originally published as D5568–94. Last previous edition D5568–95.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5568–01.
2
ASTM STP 926 “Engineering Dielectrics, Volume 11B, Electrical Properties of Solid Insulating Mater
...
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