ASTM D5568-22a

Standard Test Method for Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave Frequencies Using Waveguide

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Design calculations for radio frequency (RF), microwave, and millimetre-wave components require the knowledge of values of complex permittivity and permeability at operating frequencies. This test method is useful for evaluating small experimental batch or continuous production materials used in electromagnetic applications. Use this method to determine complex permittivity only (in non-magnetic materials), or both complex permittivity and permeability simultaneously.  
5.2 Relative complex permittivity (relative complex dielectric constant), εr*, is the proportionality factor that relates the electric field to the electric flux density, and which depends on intrinsic material properties such as molecular polarizability, charge mobility, and so forth:
   where:
  ε0  =  the permittivity of free space,   D→  =  the electric flux density vector, and   E→  =  the electric field vector.  
Note 1: In common usage the word “relative” is frequently dropped. The real part of complex relative permittivity (εr′) is often referred to as simply relative permittivity, permittivity, or dielectric constant. The imaginary part of complex relative permittivity (εr′′) is often referred to as the loss factor. In anisotropic media, permittivity is described by a three dimensional tensor.
Note 2: For the purposes of this test method, the media is considered to be isotropic and, therefore, permittivity is a single complex number at each frequency.  
5.3 Relative complex permeability, μr*, is the proportionality factor that relates the magnetic flux density to the magnetic field, and which depends on intrinsic material properties such as magnetic moment, domain magnetization, and so forth:
   where:
  μ0  =  the permeability of free space,   B→  =  the magnetic flux density vector, and   H→  =  the magnetic field vector.  
Note 3: In common usage the word “relative” is frequently dropped. The real part of complex relative permeability (μr′) is often referre...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining relative complex permittivity (relative dielectric constant and loss) and relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is acceptable to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.  
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 100 MHz to over 40 GHz. These limits are not exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen holder, and on the applicable frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements. The size of specimen dimension is limited by test frequency, intrinsic specimen electromagnetism properties, and the request of algorithm. Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be suitable. Use of multiple rectangular waveguide transmission line sizes are required to cover this entire frequency range (100 MHz to 40 GHz). This test method can also be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture is preferred over coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in inch-pound units and are included for information only. The equations shown here assume an e+jωt harmonic time convention.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on sta...

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2022
• ICS: 17.220.01 - Electricity. Magnetism. General aspects
• Technical Committee: D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
• Drafting Committee: D09.12 - Electrical Tests

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5568 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative
Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave
1
Frequencies Using Waveguide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
relative complex permittivity (relative dielectric constant and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
loss)andrelativemagneticpermeabilityofisotropic,reciprocal
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
(non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
nonmagnetic, it is acceptable to use this procedure to measure
permittivity only.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rangeofapproximately100MHztoover40GHz.Theselimits
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
are not exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
holder, and on the applicable frequency range of the network
3. Terminology
analyzer used to make measurements. The size of specimen
dimension is limited by test frequency, intrinsic specimen
3.1 For other definitions used in this test method, refer to
electromagnetism properties, and the request of algorithm.
Terminology D1711.
Being a non-resonant method, the selection of any number of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band
3.2.1 A list of symbols specific to this test method is given
would be suitable. Use of multiple rectangular waveguide
in Annex A1.
transmission line sizes are required to cover this entire fre-
3.2.2 calibration, n—a procedure for connecting character-
quencyrange(100MHzto40GHz).Thistestmethodcanalso
ized standard devices to the test ports of a network analyzer to
be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The
characterize the measurement system’s systematic errors. The
rectangularwaveguidefixtureispreferredovercoaxialfixtures
effects of the systematic errors are then mathematically re-
when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to
moved from the indicated measurements. The calibration also
manufacture precisely.
establishes the mathematical reference plane for the measure-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ment test ports.
standard. The values given in parentheses are in inch-pound
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Modern network analyzers have this
units and are included for information only. The equations
capability built in. There are a variety of calibration kits that
+jωt
shown here assume an e harmonic time convention.
can be used depending on the type of test port. The models
used to predict the measurement response of the calibration
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
devicesdependsonthetypeofcalibrationkit.Mostcalibration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
kitscomewithmediathatcanbeusedtoloadthedefinitionsof
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the calibration devices into the network analyzer. Calibration
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
kitdefinitionsloadedintothenetworkanalyzermustmatchthe
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
devices used to calibrate. Since both transmission and reflec-
tion measurements are used in this standard, a two-port
calibration is required.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2022 as D5568–22. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5568 − 22 D5568 − 22a
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Relative Complex Permittivity and Relative
Magnetic Permeability of Solid Materials at Microwave
1
Frequencies Using Waveguide
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5568; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining relative complex permittivity (relative dielectric constant and loss) and
relative magnetic permeability of isotropic, reciprocal (non-gyromagnetic) solid materials. If the material is nonmagnetic, it is
acceptable to use this procedure to measure permittivity only.
1.2 This measurement method is valid over a frequency range of approximately 100 MHz to over 40 GHz. These limits are not
exact and depend on the size of the specimen, the size of rectangular waveguide transmission line used as a specimen holder, and
on the applicable frequency range of the network analyzer used to make measurements. The size of specimen dimension is limited
by test frequency, intrinsic specimen electromagnetism properties, and the request of algorithm. Being a non-resonant method, the
selection of any number of discrete measurement frequencies in a measurement band would be suitable. Use of multiple
rectangular waveguide transmission line sizes are required to cover this entire frequency range (100 MHz to 40 GHz). This test
method can also be generally applied to circular waveguide test fixtures. The rectangular waveguide fixture is preferred over
coaxial fixtures when samples have in-plane anisotropy or are difficult to manufacture precisely.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are in inch-pound units and
+jωt
are included for information only. The equations shown here assume an e harmonic time convention.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved March 15, 2022Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2022October 2022. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20142022 as
D5568 – 14.D5568 – 22. DOI: 10.1520/D5568-22.10.1520/D5568-22A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D5568 − 22a
3. Terminology
3.1 For other definitions used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1711.
3.2 Definitions:
*
3.2.1 relative complex permittivity (relative complex dielectric constant), ε , n—the proportionality factor that relates the electric
r
field to the electric flux density, and which depends on intrinsic material properties such as molecular polarizability, charge
mobility, and so forth:
W
D
* ' ''
ε 5 ε 2 jε 5 (1)
r r r
W
ε E
0
where:
ε = the permittivity of free space,
0
→
D = the electric flux density vector, and
→
E = the electric field vector.
3.2.1.1 Discussion—
'
In common usage the word “relative” is frequently dropped. The real part of complex relative permittivity (ε ) is oft
...