ASTM C1445-99(2005)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the consistency of castable refractory mixes by the flow table method.
1.2 This test method applies to regular weight castable refractories, insulating castable refractories, and castable refractories that require heavy vibration for forming, which are described in Classification C 401. They also apply to such castables containing metal fibers.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:C1445–99 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow
Table
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining 3.1 The amount of water used in a castable mix for
the consistency of castable refractory mixes by the flow table preparing test specimens has a significant influence on subse-
method. quent test results. This test method is used primarily to
1.2 This test method applies to regular weight castable determine and reproduce the consistency required for the
refractories, insulating castable refractories, and castable re- optimum casting of refractory castables in the preparation of
fractories that require heavy vibration for forming, which are test specimens and to express that consistency quantitatively.
described in Classification C401. They also apply to such The correct water content is one of the major factors that must
castables containing metal fibers. be controlled to obtain uniform test specimens. Excess water
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded can reduce strength, increase volume shrinkage, and promote
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical segregation of the castable ingredients. Insufficient water can
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only produce “honeycombs” (air voids) in the castable because of
and are not considered standard. poor consolidation during placement and prevent complete
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the hydration of cement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3.2 The flow table (see sketches in Specification C230/
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- C230M) has been found to be an excellent tool for measuring
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- theconsistencyofacastableandshouldbeusedincaseswhere
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. a numerical result is required. Since castables differ somewhat
in their “body” or plasticity, it has been found that a good
2. Referenced Documents
castingrange,expressednumerically,mightvaryfromcastable
2.1 ASTM Standards: to castable. While one material may cast well between 40 and
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
60% flow, another material may need to be in the 60 to 80%
C230/C230M SpecificationforFlowTableforUseinTests flow range to properly flow. Because of this, it has been found
of Hydraulic Cement
that no arbitrary optimum range can be stated for all castables.
C 401 Classification of Alumina and Alumina-Silicate The flow table then becomes a tool for measuring the flow and
Castable Refractories
not determining it. It can allow the operator to follow the
C860 Practice for Determining the Consistency of Refrac- manufacturer’s recommendations or to reproduce the consis-
tory Castable Using the Ball-in-Hand Test
tency of a particular castable between laboratories.
D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke 3.3 Total time of wet mixing must be closely controlled to
Samples for Laboratory Analysis
obtain reproducible results.
3.4 This test method is not intended to be used to determine
the proper water content for gunning applications, although it
mayprovideinformationofvalueforinterpretationbyaskilled
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
operator.
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolith-
ics.
4. Apparatus
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2005. Published January 2006. Originally
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1445–99.
4.1 Balance, 15-lb (6.8-kg) capacity, with sensitivity of
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
0.002 lb (1 g).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.2 Flow Table, Mold, and Calipers, conforming to the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. requirements of Specification C230/C230M.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1445–99 (2005)
measured by inserting the full length of the dial-thermometer
stem into the material until the reading is constant.
5.2 Reduce the mass of the castable mix with a sample
splitter to obtain the desired batch size in accordance with 5.3.
Take precautions to prevent segregation. If additional batches
are required, they should also be reduced to the desired batch
size with a sample splitter.
5.3 Batch sizes for the flow table test normally consist of
10lb (4.5 kg) for a regular weight or 5 lb (2.3 kg) for an
insulating castable. Mixer size may dictate other sizes. (See
4.5).
6. Procedure
6.1 Preparation of Castable Sample:
6.1.1 Weigh the castable sample (see 5.3) to the nearest
0.02lb (9 g). Place the batch in the mixer described in 4.5 (see
Note 1), and dry mix for 1 min. While the mixer is operating
FIG. 1 Special Mixer for Castable Refractories
at slow speed, add 90% of the estimated water requirement
having a temperature between 68 and 72°F (20 and 22°C),
4.3 Tamper—A nonabsorbing, nonabrasive, non-brittle ma- within ⁄2 min. Operate the mixer at 50 to 60 rpm, then add
terial such as a rubber compound having a ShoreAdurometer additional water in small amounts from a tared container, and
hardness of 80 6 10 or seasoned oak wood rendered nonab- mix until the batch appears to have the desired flow.
sorbing by immersion for 15 min. in paraffin at approximately 6.1.2 The total actual wet mixing time, including water
392°F (200°C), and the tamper shall have a cross section of ⁄2 additions,shouldbe3min 610sfordensecastables,5min 6
by 1 in. (13 by 25 mm) and a convenient length of 5 to 6 in. 10 s for insulating castables, and 4 to 6 min for mixes needing
(127 to 152 mm). The tamping face shall be flat and at right heavy vibration, unless specified differently by the manufac-
angles to the length of the tamper. turer.
4.4 Trowel, having a steel blade 4 to 6 in. (100 to 150 mm)
NOTE 3—Mixing times of less than 5 min for insulating castables may
in length, with straight edges.
influencetheresultsbecauselightweightaggregatesusuallysoakupwater
4.5 Castable Mixer—Either a manually or electrically op-
during the initial stages of mixing and affect the consistency of the batch.
erated (see Fig. 1) mechanical mixer may be used to prepare
Depending on the aggregate type, particle breakdown may occur with
excessive mixing time. This was not observed in subcommittee round-
batches for the consistency determination. Size the mixing
robin tests with a 5-min mixing time using a variety of lightweight
bowl to contain 50 to 70% volume loading with the dry batch.
castables.
NOTE 1—Castable-water requirement variation becomes more signifi-
6.2 Determin
...
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