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ASTM C1446-19

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable Refractories

Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable Refractories

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used to measure the consistency (degree of self-flow) that a castable refractory demonstrates at a given level of tempering liquid at specified time intervals after the liquid is added. A self-flow of 25 % has been selected as the minimum at which a mix can be poured into typical molds or forms in normal practice.  
5.2 Castable refractories which are self-flowing at one level of tempering liquid will require vibration for placement at some lower level of tempering liquid. At the tempering liquid levels which require vibration or tamping for placement, the castable refractory should be characterized using test methods which are appropriate for castable refractories designed for vibration placement, such as Test Method C1445.  
5.3 This test method is not appropriate for determining the pumpability of castable refractories.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the consistency (degree of self-flow) of self-flowing castable refractories.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2019
ICS
81.080 - Refractories
Technical Committee
C08 - Refractories
Drafting Committee
C08.09 - Monolithics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM C1445-13(2018) - Standard Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
Effective Date
01-Oct-2018
Refers
ASTM C230/C230M-14 - Standard Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
01-Oct-2014

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1446 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the con-
sistency (degree of self-flow) of self-flowing castable refrac- 3.1.1 consistency of self-flowing castable refractories—the
degree of mobility (self-flow) of the refractory castable under
tories.
its own weight as described in this test method at the specified
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
times after adding liquid to the mixer.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The castable refractory is mixed with a tempering liquid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and the percentage of self-flow is measured. Self-flow is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
percent increase in the diameter of the sample after removing
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
the Specification C230/C230M cone mold and allowing the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
specimen to flow (spread) under its own weight for 120 s.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Significance and Use
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 This test method is used to measure the consistency
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(degree of self-flow) that a castable refractory demonstrates at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
a given level of tempering liquid at specified time intervals
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
after the liquid is added.Aself-flow of 25 % has been selected
as the minimum at which a mix can be poured into typical
2. Referenced Documents
molds or forms in normal practice.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Castable refractories which are self-flowing at one level
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests
of tempering liquid will require vibration for placement at
of Hydraulic Cement
some lower level of tempering liquid. At the tempering liquid
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens
levels which require vibration or tamping for placement, the
by Casting
castable refractory should be characterized using test methods
C1445 Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable
which are appropriate for castable refractories designed for
Refractory Using a Flow Table
vibration placement, such as Test Method C1445.
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
5.3 This test method is not appropriate for determining the
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
pumpability of castable refractories.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Interferences (Factors Known to Affect Results)
6.1 During method development, a ruggedness evaluation
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
was performed using a castable comprised of 5 % cement,
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolith-
17 % reactive alumina, and 78 % tabular alumina. Several
ics.
factors were found to cause statistically significant effects on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2019. Originally
the measured results. See ASTM Research Report No. C08-
approved in 1999. Previous edition approved in 2011 as C1446 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/C1446-19.
1016.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1.1 Amount of Mixing Liquid—The amount of mixing
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
liquid affects the measured results for typical self-flowing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. castable refractories unless added by weight to within
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1446 − 19
60.002 lb (61 g) of the target weight for a 16.52-lb (7500-g) 7.9 Scoop or Spoon sufficient to fill
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1446 − 11 C1446 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring Consistency of Self-Flowing Castable
1
Refractories
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the consistency (degree of self-flow) and working time of self-flowing castable
refractories. This test may optionally be used to determine working time of self-flowing castables.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C71 Terminology Relating to Refractories
C230/C230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic Cement
C860 Test Method for Determining the Consistency of Refractory Castable Using the Ball-In-Hand Test
C862 Practice for Preparing Refractory Concrete Specimens by Casting
C1445 Test Method for Measuring Consistency of Castable Refractory Using a Flow Table
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 consistency of self-flowing castable refractories—the degree of mobility (self-flow) of the refractory castable under its own
weight as described in this test method at the specified times after adding liquid to the mixer.
3.1.2 working time of self-flowing castable refractories—the elapsed time from the first addition of liquid during mixing until
the mix will only achieve 25 % self-flow using the procedure described in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The castable refractory is mixed with a tempering liquid and the percentage of self-flow is measured. Self-flow is the percent
increase in the diameter of the sample after removing the Specification C230/C230M cone mold and allowing the specimen to flow
(spread) under itits own weight for 120 s. The consistency is measured 10 min after water addition. Working time may optionally
be determined by repeating the self flow test at regular time intervals.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.09 on Monolithics.
Current edition approved July 1, 2011Sept. 1, 2019. Published August 2011September 2019. Originally approved in 1999. Previous edition approved in 20072011 as
C1446 – 07.C1446 – 11. DOI: 10.1520/C1446-11.10.1520/C1446-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1446 − 19
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is used to measure the consistency (degree of self-flow) that a castable refractory demonstrates at a given
level of tempering liquid at specified time intervals after the liquid is added. A self-flow of 25 % has been selected as the minimum
at which a mix can be poured into typical molds or forms in normal practice.
5.2 Castable refractories which are self-flowing at one level of tempering liquid will require vibration for placement at some
lower level of tempering liquid. At the tempering liquid levels which require vibration or tamping for placement, the castable
refractory should be characterized using test methods which are
...

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ASTM
ASTM C24-09(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Pyrometric Cone Equivalent (PCE) of Fireclay and High-Alumina Refractory Materials

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The deformation and end point of a cone corresponds to a certain heat-work condition due to the effects of time, temperature, and atmosphere.  
5.2 The precision of this test method is subject to many variables that are difficult to control. Therefore, an experienced operator may be necessary where PCE values are being utilized for specification purposes.  
5.3 PCE values are used to classify fireclay and high-alumina refractories.  
5.4 This is an effective method of identifying fireclay variations, mining control, and developing raw material specifications.  
5.5 Although not recommended, this test method is sometimes applied to materials other than fireclay and high alumina. Such practice should be limited to in-house laboratories and never be used for specification purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pyrometric cone equivalent (PCE) of fire clay, fireclay brick, high-alumina brick, and silica fire clay refractory mortar by comparison of test cones with standard pyrometric cones under the conditions prescribed in this test method.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—Certain weights are in SI units with inch-pound in parentheses. Also, certain figures have SI units without parentheses. These SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
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