ASTM C979-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
Standard Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirement for colored and white pigments in powder form to be used as admixtures in concrete for the purpose of producing integrally colored concrete. Where the pigments are a constituent of a multicomponent admixture, this specification applies to the pigment constituent of the admixture. This specification is not intended to establish compatibility of pigments with any other concrete admixtures unless they are tested in combination in accordance with 3.7.
1.2 This specification does not include the determination of pigment stability when elevated temperature using low-pressure (atmospheric) or high-pressure (autoclave) steam is used to accelerate the curing process.
1.3 In addition to tests defining the pigments themselves, a limited number of tests on concrete are included to define the effects on setting times, air content, and compressive strength. If more extensive information is required for a particular job, additional testing criteria and procedures should be agreed upon between the seller and user.
1.4 The maximum prescribed dosage rate of a pigment, established in accordance with 3.7, shall be equal to or less than 10 weight% of cement. When a combination of pigments is used to produce the desired color and color intensity, the total dosage rate of all pigments combined shall not exceed any of the individual maximum dosage rates of the component pigments.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.
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Designation: C 979 – 99
Standard Specification for
Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 979; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 173 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
1.1 This specification covers the basic requirement for
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
colored and white pigments in powder form to be used as
C 192/C 192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete
admixtures in concrete for the purpose of producing integrally
Test Specimens in the Laboratory
colored concrete. Where the pigments are a constituent of a
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
multicomponent admixture, this specification applies to the
Concrete by the Pressure Method
pigment constituent of the admixture. This specification is not
C 260 Specification forAir-EntrainingAdmixtures for Con-
intended to establish compatibility of pigments with any other
crete
concrete admixtures unless they are tested in combination in
C 403/C 403M TestMethodforTimeofSettingofConcrete
accordance with 3.7.
Mixtures by Penetration Resistance
1.2 This specification does not include the determination of
D 50 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Yellow, Or-
pigment stability when elevated temperature using low-
ange, Red, and Brown Pigments Containing Iron and
pressure (atmospheric) or high-pressure (autoclave) steam is
Manganese
used to accelerate the curing process.
D 1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of Certain
1.3 In addition to tests defining the pigments themselves, a
Pigments
limited number of tests on concrete are included to define the
D 1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell Sys-
effects on setting times, air content, and compressive strength.
tem
If more extensive information is required for a particular job,
G 23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus
additional testing criteria and procedures should be agreed
(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposure
upon between the seller and user.
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.4 The maximum prescribed dosage rate of a pigment,
2.2 ACI Standards:
established in accordance with 3.7, shall be equal to or less
211.1 Recommended Practice for Selecting Proportions for
than 10 mass % of cement.When a combination of pigments is
Normal and Heavyweight Concrete
used to produce the desired color and color intensity, the total
dosage rate of all pigments combined shall not exceed any of
3. General Requirements
the individual maximum dosage rates of the component pig-
3.1 Water Wettability—The pigment shall be water wettable
ments.
when tested in accordance with 7.1.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 Alkali Resistance—The pigment treated with sodium
standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for informa-
hydroxide shall not show any significant (Note 1) change of
tion purposes only.
color when tested in accordance with 7.2.
2. Referenced Documents 3.3 Total Sulfates—Calculated as SO , the sulfates shall not
exceed 5.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when tested
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 in accordance with 7.3.
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
3.4 WaterSolubility—The total matter soluble in water shall
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
not exceed 2.0 mass % of the original pigment sample when
Concrete Specimens
tested in accordance with 7.4.
C 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Ce-
3.5 Atmospheric Curing Stability—The magnitude of color
ment Concrete
differences between pigmented concrete specimens cured in
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on
Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03.
C09.23 on Chemical Admixtures. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as C 979–82. Last previous edition C 979–82 (1993). Available from American Concrete Institute, 38800 Country Club Drive,
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Farmington Hills, MI 48331.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 979
dry air and those cured at high relative humidity when tested in 5.2 The package or container shall not be added to the
accordance with 7.5 shall not be greater than the magnitude of concrete with the pigment.
the color difference between two unpigmented specimens
cured under the same conditions. 6. Materials for Tests
3.6 Light Resistance—The exposed portions of the speci-
6.1 Cement—For the atmospheric curing stability and the
mens shall show no significant differences (Note 1) in color
light resistance tests, using white cement is suggested. The
from the unexposed portions when tested in accordance with
cement used in all other tests shall be either a Type I or Type
7.6. While a pigment that fails this test shall not be considered
II cement conforming to Specification C 150 or the cement
light resistant, a pigment that passes this test may still be
proposed for specific work.
subject to fading when exposed to natural weathering condi-
6.2 Aggregates—The aggregates used in all tests shall
tions.
conform to Specification C 33 or shall be the aggregates
proposed for specific work. For the atmospheric curing stabil-
NOTE 1—A significant difference is defined as one that is readily
perceptible by visual observation without close examination. Lighting and ity and the light resistance tests, clean silica sand shall be used.
viewing conditions as described in Method D 1535, 6.1, may be used.
For both the reference and the pigmented mixtures, the
aggregate grading shall be controlled by determining the mass
3.7 Effects on Concrete:
of separate fractions.
3.7.1 Whencomparedwiththecontrolmixture,theconcrete
6.3 Admixtures—If any of the test mixtures contain any
that is pigmented at the maximum prescribed dosage rate shall
admixtures in addition to pigment other than an air-entraining
have a 28-day compressive strength of not less than 90 % and
admixture complying with Specification C 260, the pigment
a water-cement ratio of not greater than 110 % of that of the
shallbeconsideredtocomplywiththisspecificationonlywhen
control mixture when prepared and tested in accordance with
used in conjunction with such other admixture(s).
7.7 (Note 2).
3.7.2 The pigment, when added to a concrete mixture at the
7. Test Methods
maximum prescribed dosage rate, shall neither accelerate the
initial or final set by more than 1 h nor retard the initial or final 7.1 Water Wettability—Add 10.0 g of the pigment to 150
set by more than 1
⁄2 h, as compared to the uncolored concrete mLof deionized water in a 250-mLbeaker. If the pigment does
control mixture when tested in accordance with 7.7 (Note 2). not readily mix with the water when stirred with a spatula, but
3.7.3 Using the same quantity of air-entraining admixture, instead a substantial portion of the pigment floats on the
the pigments, when added to a concrete mixture at the surface of the water, the pigment is repellent and not water
maximum prescribed dosage rate, shall not change the air
wettable.
content by more than 1.0 %, as compared to the uncolored
7.2 Alkali Resistance—Add two 10.0 g-portions of the
control mixture when tested in accordance with 7.7.
pigment to separate 250-mL beakers, each containing 150 mL
of deionized water. Stir until thoroughly mixed.Add 10 mL of
NOTE 2—These values include allowance for normal variations in test
10 mass % sodium hydroxide solution to one beaker, and stir
results. The object of the 90 % compressive-strength requirement is to
thoroughly once more. Let the slurries stand 1 h, then remix
require a level of performance of the pigmented concrete comparable to
that of the reference concrete when tested in accordance with 7.7. and filter on separate Buchner funnels. Wash the filter cake
with three replacement washes of hot deionized water. Dry the
3.8 Color Match of Shipment—The color produced by the
cake on the filter paper in an oven at 110 6 3°C (230 6 5°F)
shipment of pigment shall not be significantly different (Note
for 4 6 0.5 h. Remove from the oven, cool, and crush the
1) from the color produced by the standard supplied by the
pigment into a fine powder in a mortar. Make two small
pigment manufacturer when samples of both the shipment and
adjacent piles of the pigment powders and press them flat with
the standard are tested in accordance with 7.8. New concrete
a spatula. Compare the color of the control and treated pigment
specimens containing the standard sample of the particular
powders.
pigment must be prepared whenever a new shipment is
7.3 Percentage of SO —Perform the sulfates soluble in
evaluated. This is necessary to eliminate color variations
hydrochloric acid test and determine the percentage in accor-
caused by any of the other mortar ingredients, specimen
dance with Methods D 50.
preparation, or curing.
7.4 Water Solubility—Perform the matter soluble in water
test in accordance with Test Methods D 1208.
4. Rejection
7.5 Atmospheric Curing Stability—The composition and
4.1 A pigment may be rejected if it fails to meet any of the
method of preparation of the test specimens shall be in
applicable requirements of these specifications.
accordance with Annex A1. Pigments shall be tested at both
4.2 Individual packages or containers varying more than
⁄2 % and 6 % levels (based on the cement mass). Two sets of
5 % from the stated mass may be rejected. If the average
specimens (designated as control specimens and test speci-
weight of 50 packages taken at random is less than that stated,
mens) shall be prepared at the same time under identical
the entire shipment may be rejected.
conditions except for curing. Each set shall consist of two
pigmented mortar specimens, one at each of the two levels of
5. Packaging
pigmentation, and one unpigmented specimen. If, for a par-
5.1 Packages or containers shall be clearly marked as to
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