ASTM E1180-03

Standard Practice for Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural Examination

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides information required to prepare sulfur prints (also referred to as Baumann Prints) of most ferrous alloys to reveal the distribution of sulfide inclusions.
1.2 The sulfur print reveals the distribution of sulfides in steels with bulk sulfur contents between about 0.002 and 0.40 weight percent.
1.3 Certain steels contain complex sulfides that do not respond to the test solutions, for example, steels containing titanium sulfides or chromium sulfides.
1.4 The sulfur print test is a qualitative test. The density of the print image should not be used to assess the sulfur content of a steel. Under carefully controlled conditions, it is possible to compare print image intensities if the images are formed only by manganese sulfides.
1.5 The sulfur print image will reveal details of the solidification pattern or metal flow from hot or cold working on appropriately chosen and prepared test specimens.
1.6 This practice does not address acceptance criteria based on the use of the method.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-May-2003
• Technical Committee: E04 - Metallography
• Drafting Committee: E04.01 - Specimen Preparation

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1180-94(1998) - Standard Practice for Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural Examination
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM E1180-03e1 - Standard Practice for Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural Examination
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Referred By: ASTM E2014-17 - Standard Guide on Metallographic Laboratory Safety
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 1180 – 03
Standard Practice for
1
Preparing Sulfur Prints for Macrostructural Examination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1180; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This practice provides information required to prepare 3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
sulfur prints (also referred to as Baumann Prints) of most tice, see Terminology E 7.
ferrous alloys to reveal the distribution of sulfide inclusions.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 The sulfur print reveals the distribution of sulfides in
steels with bulk sulfur contents between about 0.002 and 0.40 4.1 The sulfur print provides a means for macroscopic
weight percent. evaluation of the sulfur distribution in steels and cast irons by
contact printing using photographic paper soaked in an aque-
1.3 Certain steels contain complex sulfides that do not
respond to the test solutions, for example, steels containing ous acid solution, for example, sulfuric acid, citric acid, or
acetic acid.
titanium sulfides or chromium sulfides.
1.4 The sulfur print test is a qualitative test. The density of
NOTE 1—No longer are there available emulsion coated half weight
the print image should not be used to assess the sulfur content
fiber based papers suitable for sulfur printing. Emulsion coated single
of a steel. Under carefully controlled conditions, it is possible
weight fiber base paper is not readily available. Emulsion coated double
to compare print image intensities if the images are formed weight fiber base paper is available, and is preferable to emulsion coated
single weight resin coated paper.
only by manganese sulfides.
1.5 The sulfur print image will reveal details of the solidi-
4.2 The test specimen is usually a disk or rectangular
fication pattern or metal flow from hot or cold working on
section, such as used in macroetch evaluations, cut from an
appropriately chosen and prepared test specimens.
as-cast or wrought specimen with either a transverse or
1.6 This practice does not address acceptance criteria based
longitudinal orientation. The specimen is freshly ground
on the use of the method.
smooth and cleaned to remove cutting oils, scale, abrasives, or
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
other contaminents. The specimen should be at room tempera-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ture when sulfur printed.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 A sheet of photographic paper with (usually) a matte
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surface finish of appropriate size is soaked in the dilute
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
aqueous acid solution, any excess liquid removed, and the
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
emulsion side of the paper is placed on the ground surface of
the specimen. After a suitable time, the paper is removed,
2. Referenced Documents
washed in water, fixed, washed again in water, and dried as flat
2.1 ASTM Standards:
as possible.
2
E 3 Methods of Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
4.4 The distribution of sulfur in the specimen is revealed as
2
E 7 Terminology Relating to Metallography
a mirror image on the photographic paper as darkly colored
2
E 340 Test Method for Macroetching Metals and Alloys
areas of silver sulfide embedded in the emulsion.
E 381 Method of Macroetch Testing Steel Bars, Billets,
2
5. Significance and Use
Blooms, and Forgings
2
E 407 Test Methods for Microetching Metals and Alloys
5.1 The sulfur print reveals the distribution of sulfur as
sulfide inclusions in the specimen. The sulfur print comple-
ments macroetch methods by providing an additional proce-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E04 on Metallog-
dure for evaluating the homogeneity of a steel product.
raphy and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E04.01 on Selection and
Preparation of Samples.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1180 – 94 (1998).
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
E1180–03
5.2 Sulfur prints of as-cast specimens generally reveal the 7. Appa
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