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ASTM D968-22

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Silica sand produces a slower rate of abrasion for organic coatings than that provided by silicon carbide. For some types of coatings, it may also provide greater differentiation.  
5.2 The abrasion resistance scales produced by the two methods differ, but the methods provide approximately the same rankings of coatings for abrasion resistance.  
5.3 Each of the methods has been found useful for rating the abrasion resistance of specific types of coatings. For example Method A (falling sand) has been used for rating floor coatings while Method B (falling silicon carbide) has been used for rating coatings for ship decks.
FIG. 1 Abrasion Test Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by abrasive falling onto coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a metal or glass panel.  
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are covered as follows:    
Sections  
Method A—Falling Sand Abrasion Test  
6 – 13  
Method B—Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test  
14 – 21  
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2). Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when ranking is used in place of numerical values.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2022
ICS
25.220.60 - Organic coatings
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.23 - Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D1005-95(2020) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Effective Date
01-Jun-2020

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REDLINE ASTM D968-22 - Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling AbrasiveREDLINE ASTM D968-22 - Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
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REDLINE ASTM D968-22 - Standard Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling Abrasive
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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D968 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling
1
Abrasive
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
resistanceoforganiccoatingstoabrasionproducedbyabrasive D16TerminologyforPaint,RelatedCoatings,Materials,and
Applications
falling onto coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a
metal or glass panel. D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are
D1005Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
covered as follows:
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
Sections
D7091Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
Method A—Falling Sand Abrasion Test 6–13
Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
Method B—Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test 14–21
Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only
ings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the
E11Specification forWovenWireTest Sieve Cloth andTest
poor reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2).
Sieves
Interlaboratoryagreementisimprovedsignificantlywhenrank-
2.2 Other Standards:
ing is used in place of numerical values.
ANSI B74.12Specification for the Size of Abrasive Grain
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
— Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial
3
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are for
Uses
information only and are not considered standard.
FEPA Standard 42-2Grains of Fused Aluminum Oxide,
Silicon Carbide and other Abrasive Materials for Bonded
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Abrasives and for General Applications — Microgrits
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4
F230 to F2000
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3. Terminology
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance is expressed as the amount of
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
abrasive required to wear through a unit film thickness of the
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
coating.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthisstandard,refer
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
to Terminology D16.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint the ASTM website.
3
Films. Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2022.PublishedJuly2022.Originallyapproved 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D968–17. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from Federation of European Producers ofAbrasives (FEPA), 20 av.,
D0968-22. Reille, Paris, F-75014, www.fepa-abrasives.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D968 − 22
5
4. Summary of Test Method METHOD A—FALLING SAND ABRASION TEST
4.1 Abrasive particles fall from a specified height through a
6. Apparatus and Materials
guide tube onto the surface of a coated panel until the film is
worn away, exposing a small area of the substrate or previous
6.1 Abrasion Tester, as illustrated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, and
coating layer if two or more co
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D968 − 17 D968 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by Falling
1
Abrasive
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D968; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by abrasive falling onto
coatings applied to a plane rigid surface, such as a metal or glass panel.
1.2 Two test methods based on different abrasives are covered as follows:
Sections
Method A—Falling Sand Abrasion Test 6 – 13
Method B—Falling Silicon Carbide Abrasion Test 14 – 21
1.3 These methods should be restricted to testing in only one laboratory when numerical values are used because of the poor
reproducibility of the methods (see 13.1.2 and 21.1.2). Interlaboratory agreement is improved significantly when ranking is used
in place of numerical values.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard with the exception of mils when determining coating thickness.
standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are for information only.only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.
Current edition approved June 1, 2017June 1, 2022. Published June 2017July 2022. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20152017 as
D968 – 15.D968 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/D0968-17.10.1520/D0968-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D968 − 22
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
2.2 Other Standards:
ANSI B74.12 SpecificationsSpecification for the Size of Abrasive Grain — Grinding Wheels, Polishing and General Industrial
3
Uses
FEPA Standard 42-2:200642-2 Grains of Fused Aluminum Oxide, Silicon Carbide and other Abrasive Materials for Bonded
4
Abrasives and for General Applications — Microgrits F230 to F2000
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 abrasion resistance, n—the amount of abrasive required to wear through a unit film thickness of the coating.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 Abrasion resistance is expressed as the amount of abrasive required to wear through a unit film thickness of the coating.
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this standard, refer to Terminology D16.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Abrasive is allowed to particles fall from a specified height through a guide tube onto the sur
...

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FIG. 1 Direct Tensile Model  
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Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings

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5.1 Tensile properties determined by this method are of value in studying the behavior of coatings subjected to environmental stresses, such as those produced by aging and weathering. (See Refs. (1-10).)4  
5.2 Tensile properties may vary with specimen thickness, method of preparation, gage length, rate of load application, tensile tester response, and type of grips used. Consequently, where precise comparative results are desired, these factors must be carefully controlled.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the elongation, tensile strength, and stiffness (modulus of elasticity) of organic coatings when tested as free films.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D522/D522M-17(2021)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of Attached Organic Coatings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coatings attached to substrates are elongated when the substrates are dimensionally unstable, or are bent during the manufacture of articles or when the articles are abused in service. These test methods have been useful in rating attached coatings for their ability to resist cracking when elongated. They have been useful in evaluating the flexibility of coatings on flexible substrates. The elongation of coating films may also be tested using Test Method D2370. The correlation between elongation determined in accordance with Test Methods D522/D522M and D2370 is unknown.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the resistance to cracking (flexibility) of attached organic coatings on substrates of sheet metal or rubber-type materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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