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ASTM D70-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)

Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
Note 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2007
ICS
75.140 - Waxes, bituminous materials and other petroleum products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.47 - Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D70-03 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity and Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D70-09 - Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4018-23 - Standard Test Methods for Properties of Continuous Filament Carbon and Graphite Fiber Tows
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008
Referred By
ASTM D244-09(2017) - Standard Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
Effective Date
01-Jan-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3381/D3381M-18 - Standard Specification for Viscosity-Graded Asphalt Binder for Use in Pavement Construction
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01-Jan-2008
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ASTM D4869/D4869M-16a(2021) - Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in Steep Slope Roofing
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01-Jan-2008
Referred By
ASTM D3666-16 - Standard Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
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01-Jan-2008
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ASTM D4552/D4552M-20 - Standard Classification for Hot-Mix Recycling Agents
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01-Jan-2008
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ASTM D450/D450M-07(2018) - Standard Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch Used in Roofing, Dampproofing, and Waterproofing
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ASTM D70-08 - Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)ASTM D70-08 - Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
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REDLINE ASTM D70-08 - Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)REDLINE ASTM D70-08 - Standard Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D70–08
Standard Test Method for
Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer
1
Method)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 70;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative 3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt 3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of a material.
cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer. 3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the mass of a given
volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water
NOTE 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid
at the same temperature (see Note 2).
and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials
which are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
NOTE 2—Relative density is also described as specific gravity.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 The sample is placed in a calibrated pycnometer. The
only.
pycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remaining
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
volume is filled with water.The filled pycnometer is brought to
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
the test temperature, and weighed. The density of the sample is
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
calculatedfromitsmassandthemassofwaterdisplacedbythe
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
sample in the filled pycnometer.
limitations prior to use.
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
2
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to
2.1 ASTM Standards:
units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
Practice D 4311.
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
D 3142 Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or
6. Apparatus
Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
6.1 Pycnometer, glass, consisting of a cylindrical or conical
D 3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid
vessel carefully ground to receive an accurately fitting glass
Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
stopper 22 to 26 mm in diameter.The stopper shall be provided
D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correc-
with a hole 1.0 to 2.0 mm in diameter, centrally located in
tion to a Base Temperature
reference to the vertical axis. The top surface of the stopper
E1 Specification forASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
shall be substantially plane and have no chips, and the lower
2.2 Other:
surface shall be concave to allow all air to escape through the
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
bore.The height of the concave section shall be 4.0 to 18.0 mm
at the center. The stoppered pycnometer shall have a capacity
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
of 24 to 30 mL and shall weigh not more than 40 g. Suitable
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on
pycnometers are illustrated in Fig. 1.
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests.
6.2 Water Bath, constant-temperature, capable of maintain-
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2008. Published January 2008. Originally
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 70 – 03.
ing the temperature within 0.1°C (0.2°F) of the test tempera-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ture.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D70–08
FIG. 1 Suitable Pycnometers and Stopper
6.3 Thermometric device, calibrated liquid in glass, total making sure that circulation of the water in the conditioning
immersion type, of suitable range with graduations at least bath around the beaker is not restricted.
every 0.1°C (0.2°F) and a maximum scale error of 0.1°C 10.3 Maintain the temperature of the water bath within
(0.2°F) as prescribed in SpecificationE1. Thermometer com- 0.1°C (0.2°F) of the test
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D70–03 Designation: D 70 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer
1
Method)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 70;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the specific gravityrelative density and density of semi-solid bituminous
materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.
NOTE 1—An alternate method for determining the density of semi-solid and solid bituminous materials is Test Method D 3289. For materials which
are too fluid for use of this test method, use Test Method D 3142.
1.2This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to the regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the
user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
C670Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
C 670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
3
D 3142Test Method for Density of Liquid Asphalts (Hydrometer Method) Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or
Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
D 3289 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid and Solid Bituminous Materials (Nickel Crucible Method)
D 4311 Practice for Determining Asphalt Volume Correction to a Base Temperature
E 1Specification for ASTM Thermometers Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
2.2 Other:
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 density—the mass per unit volume of a material.
3.1.2 relative density—the ratio of the mass of a given volume of a material to the mass of the same volume of water at the
same temperature (see Note 2).
NOTE 2—Relative density is also described as specific gravity.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The sample is placed in a calibrated pycnometer. The pycnometer and sample are weighed, then the remaining volume is
filled with water. The filled pycnometer is brought to the test temperature, and weighed. The density of the sample is calculated
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.47 on
Miscellaneous Asphalt Tests.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003.1, 2008. Published May 2003.January 2008. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 19972003 as
D70-97.D 70 – 03.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D70–08
from its mass and the mass of water displaced by the sample in the filled pycnometer.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass, and for correcting measured volumes from the
temperature of measurement to a standard temperature using Practice D 4311.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Pycnometer, glass, consisting of a cylindrical or conical vessel carefully ground to receive an accurately fitting glass stopper
22 to 26 mm in diameter. The stopper shall be provided with a hole 1.0 to 2.0 mm in diameter, centrally located in reference to
the vertical axis. The top surface of the stopper shall be smooth substantially plane and substantially plane,have no chips, and the
lower
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is useful in confirming that a material has been added to the asphalt to provide a significant elastomeric characteristic. It does not necessarily identify the type or amount of material added.
Note 1: The quality of results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guidance provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method assesses the elastic recovery of an asphalt material measured by the recoverable strain determined after severing an elongated briquet specimen of the material of the form described in 4.1. The specimens are pulled to a specified distance at a specified speed and at a specified temperature. Unless otherwise specified, the test shall be made at a temperature of 25 ± 0.5 °C [77 ± 0.9 °F] and with a speed of 5 cm/min ± 5 %.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1754/D1754M-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Effects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method indicates approximate change in properties of asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150 °C [302 °F] as indicated by viscosity, penetration, or ductility measurements. It yields a residue which approximates the asphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If the mixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150 °C [302 °F] level, more or less effect on properties will occur.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effects of heat and air on a film of semisolid asphaltic materials. The effects of this treatment are determined from measurements of selected asphalt properties before and after the test.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/index.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury-containing products into your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7870/D7870M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Moisture Conditioning Compacted Asphalt Mixture Specimens by Using Hydrostatic Pore Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides an accelerated conditioning method under cyclic loading. This system is capable of operating at higher than normal temperatures and creating pore pressure within a compacted asphalt mixture to achieve an acceleration of the effects that a mixture would experience over time from traffic at normal temperatures and conditions. The accelerated conditioning in this practice is intended to simulate the stresses induced in a wet pavement by a passing vehicle tire. The pulse shape produced by this system approximates a Lorentzian function with a half peak width of approximately 1 s at 276 kPa [40 psi].  
4.2 The factors that influence the potential for moisture damage to occur include aggregate mineralogy, mixture air voids, water, cyclic applied stress, and elevated temperature. This practice provides a method and apparatus that is capable of producing three of these factors: water, stress, and high temperature. Aggregate mineralogy and air voids are mixture properties.  
4.3 Specimens conditioned by this system can be tested using a variety of different tests, including Test Method D6931, Test Method D6927, bulk specific gravity difference obtained by Test Method D6926 or D6752/D6752M for before and after conditioning, dynamic modulus, flow number, AASHTO T 378, and visual inspection for stripped aggregates.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptance guideline provides a means of evaluating ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice includes procedures for preparing compacted asphalt mixture specimens, exposing the specimens to hydrostatic pore pressure inside an enclosed chamber, and guidance on testing the specimens for the effect of water on the tensile strength or change in other properties of the asphalt mixture, such as density, modulus, etc.  
1.2 Specimens conditioned according to this practice can be tested using methods and test procedures referenced in this document, and those results may provide information as to the effect of the moisture conditioning of this practice on the moisture sensitivity of those mixtures.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7173-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining the Separation Tendency of Polymer from Polymer-Modified Asphalt

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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