ASTM C1565-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cement
Standard Test Method for Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cement
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.
The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.
In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.
Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.
The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.
Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.
Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland cement.
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
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Designation: C1565 − 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3.1.1 pack set, n—a condition of hydraulic cement, exhib-
ited in varying degrees, following silo storage or transport in
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-
bulk railcars or trucks, that causes the cement to resist flowing
setindex,whichprovidesanindicationofthemechanicalforce
until considerable mechanical effort has been applied.
needed to overcome the consolidation of portland cement.
3.1.2 pack-set index, n—the numerical indication of the
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value
degree of pack set a particular cement exhibits when subjected
useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the
to the procedures of this test method.
effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manu-
3.1.3 peak voltage, n— as pertaining to this method only,
factured cement.
the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample, which
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
results in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cement
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and the apparatus used for the measurement.
standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by
measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using
4. Summary of Test Method
the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard
4.1 Portland cement is placed into a flask and then consoli-
IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
dated on a vibrating table by a vibration force controlled by
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
time and volts. The consolidated bed is measured for relative
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
strength by turning the flask to a horizontal position and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rotating in 180° increments until the bed collapses from the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bottom of the flask. The number of half turns is a relative
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING
indication of the force required to overcome the consolidation
—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may
and is designated the pack-set index, or P.S.I.
cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged
2
exposure.)
5. Significance and Use
2. Referenced Documents
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers deter-
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: mine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s).The test
C1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated
Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing
field unloading difficulties.
Testing of Hydraulic Cements
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 International System of Units (SI) The
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement
Modernized Metric System
production and is not suitable for specification purposes.
3. Terminology
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is
satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the
index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
general ranges and the field performance of individual cements
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2009.PublishedJuly2009.Originallyapproved
in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1565 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/
may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional
C1565-09.
conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manu-
2
Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM
facturingfacility,canaffecttheapparentpacksetindexaswell.
Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
numbersbasedonfreshlygroundcementtojobcementwithout
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test
*A Summary o
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1565–04 Designation: C 1565 – 09
Standard Test Method for
1
Determination of Pack-Set Index of Portland Cement
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force
needed to overcome the consolidation of portland cement.
1.2 Thepack-setindexnumberprovidesanumericalvalueusefulformanufacturerswhodesiretomeasureandcontroltheeffect
that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values stated in Inch-Pound No other units are for
informational purposes only and of measurement are enclosedincluded in parentheses.this standard. Values stated in SI units shall
beobtainedbymeasurementinSIunitsorbyappropriateconversion,usingtherulesofConversionandroundinggiveninStandard
IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin
2
and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 1005 Specification for Reference Masses and Devices for Determining Mass and Volume for Use in the Physical Testing of
Hydraulic Cements
IEEE/ASTM SI 10 International System of Units (SI) The Modernized Metric System
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 maximum voltage, n— as pertaining to this method only, the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample, which
results in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cement and the apparatus used for the measurement.
3.1.2pack set, n—a condition of hydraulic cement, exhibited in varying degrees, following silo storage or transport in bulk
railcars or trucks, that causes the cement to resist flowing until considerable mechanical effort has been applied.
3.1.3
3.1.2 pack-set index, n—the numerical indication of the degree of pack set a particular cement exhibits when subjected to the
procedures of this test method.
3.1.3 peak voltage, n— as pertaining to this method only, the energy in volts applied to consolidate the sample, which results
in the maximum pack-set index for a particular cement and the apparatus used for the measurement.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Portland cement is placed into a flask and then consolidated on a vibrating table by a vibration force controlled by time and
energy(volts).volts.Theconsolidatedbedismeasuredforrelativestrengthbyturningtheflasktoahorizontalpositionandrotating
in 180° increments until the bed collapses from the bottom of the flask. The number of half turns is a relative indication of the
force required to overcome the consolidation and is designated the pack-set index, or P.S.I.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C01 on Cement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.20 on Additions.
Current edition approved AugustJune 1, 2004.2009. Published September 2004.July 2009. Originally approved in 2003. Last previous edition approved in 20032004 as
C 1565 – 034.
2
Section on Safety, Manual of Cement Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C1565–09
establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field
unloading diff
...
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