ASTM D8277-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wet Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass Flow Technique
Standard Test Method for Wet Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass Flow Technique
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources. Water can also enter machinery lubrication and hydraulic systems through fill ports, defective seals, corroded heat exchangers, and reservoir breathers in the form of rain water, cleaning solutions, process water, metalworking fluids, coolants, and humid air.
5.2 The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability in the presence of moisture is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as it accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by additives that precipitate due to the presence of contaminating water, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to a machine shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the wet filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing of the fluid in the presence of water. The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8277 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Wet Filterability of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids by Mass
1
Flow Technique
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8277; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Data for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products and
Lubricants
1.1 This test method covers determination of the wet filter-
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2.2 ISO Standards:
ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow
ISO 13357 Petroleum products – Determination of the filter-
rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing of
abilityoflubricatingoils – Part1:Procedureforoilsinthe
the fluid in the presence of water. The procedure applies to
presence of water
lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated withAmeri-
can Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV and certain V
3. Terminology
base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
are heavier than water are out of scope.
3.1.1 filterability, n—the ability of lubricants and hydraulic
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
fluids to pass through fine filters without plugging them; it is a
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
dimensionless number that is the ratio between two filtration
standard.
rates.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 Stage I filterability, n—the ratio, expressed as a
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
percentage, between 200 g and the mass of oil filtered in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
time that 200 g would have theoretically taken, assuming no
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
plugging of the membrane; oils having good Stage I
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
filterability, but only a poor Stage II performance, would be
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
unlikelytogiveperformanceproblemsinuse,unlessextremely
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
fine system filters are utilized.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.3 Stage II filterability, n—the ratio, expressed as a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
percentage, between the flow rate near the start of filtration,
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
and the flow rate between 160 g and 240 g of filtered mass; an
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
oil with good Stage II filterability would be unlikely to give
filtration problems even in the most extreme conditions or with
2. Referenced Documents
fine (less than 5 µm) filtration present; it would thus be
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
suitable for use in more critical hydraulic and lubrication
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
systems.
D1401 TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
3.2 Symbols:
and Synthetic Fluids
3.2.1 F —Stage I filterability index, dimensionless.
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and I
Petroleum Products
3.2.2 F —Stage II filterability index, dimensionless.
II
D6300 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias
3.2.3 M—actual mass of oil filtered at T ,g.
m
3.2.4 T —time corresponding to 8 g of oil filtered, s.
8
3.2.5 T —time corresponding to 40 g of oil filtered, s.
40
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of 3.2.6 T —time corresponding to 160 g of oil filtered, s.
160
Subcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.
3.2.7 T —time corresponding to 240 g of oil filtered, s.
240
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. DOI: 10.1520/
D8277-20.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
the ASTM website. Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
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D8277 − 20
3.2.8 T —theoretical time for 192 g of oil to filter, s. 6.4 Forceps,
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