ASTM D1401-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
Standard Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a guide for determining the water separation characteristics of oils subject to water contamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water. Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8–90 mm2/s at 40°C, this test method may be used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 ± 1°C when testing products more viscous than 90 mm2/s at 40°C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D 2711 is recommended. Other test temperatures such as 25°C may also be used. A 1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 6.
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Designation:D1401–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean
Water
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.
D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of
Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having
2
Lubricating Oils
viscosities of 28.8–90 mm /s at 40°C, this test method may be
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
used to test oils of other types having various viscosities and
Petroleum Products
synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended,
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
however, that the test temperature be raised to 82 6 1°C when
2
BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use –
testing products more viscous than 90 mm /s at 40°C. For
Specification and test methods
higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil
and water, Test Method D2711 is recommended. Other test
3. Summary of Test Method
temperatures such as 25°C may also be used. A1% sodium
3.1 A test specimen consisting of a 40-mL sample and a
choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used in
40-mL quantity of distilled water, or 1% sodium chloride
place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used
(NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater are stirred for 5 min in a
in marine applications.
graduated cylinder at 54°C or 82°C, depending upon the
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities
viscosityofthetestspecimenorsamplespecification.Thetime
are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but
required for the separation of the emulsion thus formed is
it should be noted that the water will probably float on the
recorded either after every 5 min or at the specification time
emulsion or liquid.
limit. If complete separation or emulsion reduction to 3 mL or
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
less does not occur after standing for 30 min or some other
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
specificationtimelimit,thevolumesofoil(orfluid),water,and
standard.
emulsion remaining at the time are reported.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 This test method provides a guide for determining the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
water separation characteristics of oils subject to water con-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
tamination and turbulence. It is used for specification of new
warning statements, see Section 6.
oils and monitoring of in-service oils.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Cylinder, 100-mL, graduated from 5 to 100 mL in
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
1.0-mL divisions, made of glass, heat-resistant glass, like
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
borosilicate glass, or a chemical equivalent. The inside diam-
eter shall be no less than 27 mm and no more than 30 mm
throughout its length, measured from the top to a point 6 mm
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
from the bottom of the cylinder. The overall height of the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
cylinder shall be 225 to 260 mm. The graduation shall not be
D02.C0.02 on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in error by more than 1 mL at any point on the scale.
in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1401–02. DOI: 10.1520/
D1401-09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
3
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://
the ASTM website. www.iso.ch.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1401–02 Designation:D1401–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.
*
NOTE1—Although developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8–90 cSt (mm
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the ability of petroleum oils or synthetic fluids to separate from water.Although
2
developed specifically for steam-turbine oils having viscosities of 28.8–90 mm/s)/s at 40°C, this test method canmay be used to test oils
of other types having various viscosities and synthetic fluids at other test temperatures. It is recommended, however, that the test temperature be raised
2
to 82 6 1°C when testing products more viscous than 90 cSt (mmmm /s) at 40°C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insufficient mixing of oil and
water, Test Method D2711, is recommended.
Other test temperatures such as 25°C can also be used.
When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it should be noted that the water
will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3/s at 40°C. For higher viscosity oils where there is insuffıcient mixing of oil and water, Test Method D 2711 is recommended.
Other test temperatures such as 25°C may also be used. A 1% sodium choloride (NaCl) solution or synthetic seawater may be used
in place of distilled water when testing certain oils or fuels used in marine applications.
1.2 When testing synthetic fluids whose relative densities are greater than that of water, the procedure is unchanged, but it
should be noted that the water will probably float on the emulsion or liquid.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 6.3-6.5For specific warning statements, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D1141 Practice for the Preparation of Substitute Ocean Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2711 Test Method for Demulsibility Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
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2.2 ISO Standards:
BS EN ISO 3696:1995 Water for analytical laboratory use – Specification and test methods
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 Atestspecimenconsistingofa40-mLsampleanda40-mLquantityofdistilledwater(Note3)water,or1%sodiumchloride
(NaCl)solutionorsyntheticseawaterarestirredfor5mininagraduatedcylinderat54°C(Note1)inagraduatedcylinder.or82°C,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.C0.02
on Corrosion and Water/Air Separability.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D1401–98.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1964. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1401–02.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Sw
...
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