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ASTM D5106-99

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in high stability, high friction bituminous paving mixtures.
1.2 The steel slag may be used as the entire aggregate, or combined with other mineral aggregates covered in Specifications D692 or D1073, to produce paving mixtures as described in Specifications D3515 or D4215.
1.3 Units of Measurement:  
1.3.1 For sieve sizes and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designation shown in parentheses is the standard value as stated in Specification E11.
1.3.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-1999
ICS
91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
Technical Committee
D04 - Road and Paving Materials
Drafting Committee
D04.50 - Aggregate Specifications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D5106-03 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Dec-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8418-21 - Standard Guide for Material and Construction Standards Related to Sustainability Within Committee D04
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D6155-19 - Standard Specification for Nontraditional Coarse Aggregates for Asphalt Paving Mixtures
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999

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ASTM D5106-99 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving MixturesASTM D5106-99 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
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ASTM D5106-99 - Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5106 – 99
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Slag Aggregates for Bituminous Paving Mixtures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5106; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
3
ments
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and
3
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures.
D 448 Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates shall be used
3
Bridge Construction
entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral aggregates
D 692 Specification for Coarse Aggregate for Bituminous
covered in Specification D 692 or D 1073, to produce paving
3
Paving Mixtures
mixtures as described in Specification D 3515 or D 4215.
D 1073 Specification for Fine Aggregates for Bituminous
NOTE 1—When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in a bituminous mixture 3
Paving Mixtures
is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited
D 3319 Test Method for Accelerated Polishing of Aggre-
to prevent bulking.
3
gates Using the British Wheel
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D 3515 Specification for Hot-Mixed, Hot-Laid Bituminous
3
standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information
Paving Mixtures
only.
D 3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction
3
1.4 The text of this specification references notes and
Materials
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
D 4215 Specification for Cold-Mixed, Cold-Laid Bitumi-
3
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
nous Paving Mixtures
considered as requirements of the standard.
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
4
Plasticity Index of Soils
2. Referenced Documents
D 4792 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Aggregates
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
from Hydration Reactions
C 88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of
D 4867 Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt
2
Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate 3
Concrete Paving Mixtures
C 117 Test Method for Material Finer Than 75 μm (No. 3
D 5711 Test Method for Adherent Fines
2
200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing
D 5821 Test Method for Determining the Percentage of
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete 3
Fractured Particles in Coarse Aggregate
2
Aggregates
2.2 Federal Registrar:
C 131 Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-
SW846 1311 EPA Test Method, Toxicity Characteristic
Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion, and Impact in the Los 5
Leaching Procedure
2
Angles Machine
C 136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse 3. Terminology
2
Aggregates
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
C 142 Test Method for Clay Lumps and Friable Particles in
3.1.1 steel slag, n—the nonmetallic product, consisting
Aggregate
essentially of calcium silicates and ferrites combined with
fused and mineralogically combined oxides of iron, aluminum,
1
The specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D–4 on Road
3
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
4
Aggregate Specifications. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
5
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally Available from the Department of Commerce, National Technical Information
published as D 5106–91. Last previous edition D 5106–91. Center, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22151. Order Number: EPAW-
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. 846.3.3.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 5106
manganese, calcium and magnesium, that is developed simul- 90 % by mass, shall have one or more fractured faces and 75 %
taneously with steel in basic oxygen, electric, or open hearth by mass, two or more fractured faces.
furnaces.
NOTE 3—Attention is called to the distinction between conventional
3.1.2 Other terms used in this specification are defined in
(dense mixtures or open mixtures) and open-graded friction course
Terminologies C 125 and D 8.
mixtures in Specification D 3515.
NOTE 4—Some sources of aggregate contain angular particles that will
4. Ordering Information
perform similarly to a mechanically crush
...

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ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
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4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
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1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM C1252-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Uncompacted Void Content of Fine Aggregate (as Influenced by Particle Shape, Surface Texture, and Grading)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Methods A and B provide percent void content determined under standardized conditions which depend on the particle shape and texture of a fine aggregate. An increase in void content by these procedures indicates greater angularity, less sphericity, rougher surface texture, or combinations thereof. A decrease in void content results is associated with more rounded, spherical, or smooth-surfaced fine aggregate, or a combination thereof.  
5.2 Test Method C measures the uncompacted void content of the minus 4.75 mm (No. 4) portion of the as-received material. This void content depends on grading as well as particle shape and texture.  
5.3 The void content determined on the standard graded sample (Test Method A) is not directly comparable with the average void content of the three individual size fractions from the same sample tested separately (Test Method B). A sample consisting of single-size particles will have a higher void content than a graded sample. Therefore, use either one method or the other as a comparative measure of shape and texture, and identify which test method has been used to obtain the reported data. Test Method C does not provide an indication of shape and texture directly if the grading from sample to sample changes.  
5.3.1 The standard graded sample (Test Method A) is most useful as a quick test which indicates the particle shape properties of a graded fine aggregate. Typically, the material used to make up the standard graded sample can be obtained from the remaining size fractions after performing a single sieve analysis of the fine aggregate.  
5.3.2 Obtaining and testing individual size fractions (Test Method B) are more time consuming and require a larger initial sample than using the graded sample. However, Test Method B provides additional information concerning the shape and texture characteristics of individual sizes.  
5.3.3 Testing samples in the as-received grading (Test Method C) may be useful in selecting proportio...
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the loose, uncompacted void content of a sample of fine aggregate. When measured on any aggregate of a known grading, void content provides an indication of that aggregate's angularity, sphericity, and surface texture compared with other fine aggregates tested in the same grading. When void content is measured on an as-received fine-aggregate grading, it can be an indicator of the effect of the fine aggregate on the workability of a mixture in which it may be used.  
1.2 Three procedures are included for the measurement of void content. Two use graded fine aggregate (standard grading or as-received grading), and the other uses several individual size fractions for void content determinations:  
1.2.1 Standard Graded Sample (Test Method A)—This test method uses a standard fine aggregate grading that is obtained by combining individual sieve fractions from a typical fine aggregate sieve analysis. See the Section 9 for the grading.  
1.2.2 Individual Size Fractions (Test Method B)—This test method uses each of three fine aggregate size fractions: (a) 2.36 mm (No. 8) to 1.18 mm (No. 16); (b) 1.18 mm (No. 16) to 600 μm (No. 30); and (c) 600 μm (No. 30) to 300 μm (No. 50). For this test method, each size is tested separately.  
1.2.3 As-Received Grading (Test Method C)—This test method uses that portion of the fine aggregate finer than a 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve.  
1.2.4 See the section on Significance and Use for guidance on the method to be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor...

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ASTM D5106-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Slag Aggregates for Asphalt Paving Mixtures

ABSTRACT
This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The coarse and fine aggregates shall consist of hard, tough, durable pieces of steel slag, and shall be processed, as necessary, by crushing or screening, or both, and magnetic separation for the removal of metallics. At the time of delivery, the aggregates shall not contain injurious amounts of foreign materials such as clay, loam, wood, tramp metal, unhydrated lime, or other deleterious materials. The physical requirements for which the aggregates shall be tested on and consequently conform to are grading and fineness modulus, polishing characteristics, soundness, degradation, expansion, friable particles, stripping, adherent coatings, crushed count, plasticity index, leaching; and environmental stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed steel slag coarse and fine aggregates suitable for use in asphalt paving mixtures.  
1.2 Steel slag coarse and fine aggregates are currently being used entirely (Note 1) or combined with other mineral aggregates, such as those covered in Specification D692/D692M or D1073, to produce paving mixtures similar to those described in Specification D3515 or D4215.
Note 1: When 100 % of the coarse aggregate in an asphalt mixture is steel slag, the amount of steel slag fines in that mixture may be limited to prevent bulking.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Density and Absorption of Fine, Coarse, and Blended Aggregate Using Combined Vacuum Saturation and Rapid Submersion

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4.1 Relative density (specific gravity) is the characteristic generally used for calculation of the volume occupied by the aggregate in various mixtures containing aggregate, including portland cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and other mixtures that are proportioned or analyzed on an absolute volume basis. Relative density (specific gravity) is also used in the computation of voids in aggregate in Test Method C29/C29M. Relative density (specific gravity) saturated surface dry (SSD) is used if the aggregate is at SSD, that is, if its absorption has been satisfied. Conversely, the relative density (specific gravity) oven dry (OD) is used for computations when the aggregate is dry or assumed to be dry.  
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5.1 The Micro-Deval abrasion test is a test of coarse aggregate to determine abrasion loss in the presence of water and an abrasive charge. Many aggregates are more susceptible to abrasion when wet than dry, and the use of water in this test incorporates this reduction in resistance to degradation in contrast to some other tests, which are conducted on dry aggregate. The test results are helpful in evaluating the toughness/abrasion resistance of coarse aggregate subject to abrasion when adequate information is not available from service records.  
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1.3 The text of this method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.  
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Standard Test Method for Materials Finer than 75-μm (No. 200) Sieve in Mineral Aggregates by Washing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve can be separated from larger particles much more efficiently and completely by wet sieving than through the use of dry sieving. Therefore, when accurate determinations of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) in fine or coarse aggregate are desired, this test method is used on the sample prior to dry sieving in accordance with Test Method C136/C136M. The results of this test method are included in the calculation in Test Method C136/C136M, and the total amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) by washing, plus that obtained by dry sieving the same sample, is reported with the results of Test Method C136/C136M. Usually, the additional amount of material finer than 75 μm (No. 200) obtained in the dry sieving process is a small amount. If it is large, the efficiency of the washing operation should be checked. It could also be an indication of degradation of the aggregate.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of material finer than a 75-μm (No. 200) sieve in aggregate by washing. Clay particles and other aggregate particles that are dispersed by the wash water, as well as water-soluble materials, will be removed from the aggregate during the test.  
1.2 Two procedures are included, one using only water for the washing operation, and the other including a wetting agent to assist the loosening of the material finer than the 75-μm (No. 200) sieve from the coarser material. Unless otherwise specified, Procedure A (water only) shall be used.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
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Standard Test Methods for Residual Carbon, Apparent Residual Carbon, and Apparent Carbon Yield in Coked Carbon-Containing Brick and Shapes

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3.1 These test methods are designed for use with carbon-containing products. The residual carbon content of a coked carbon-containing brick or shape is an indication of how much carbon may be available, in service, to resist slag attack on, or oxidation loss of, that body. Apparent carbon yield gives an estimate of the relative efficiency of the total carbonaceous matter to be retained as residual carbon.  
3.2 Residual carbon has a direct bearing on several properties of a pitch or resin-containing refractory, such as ignited porosity, density, strength, and thermal conductivity.  
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3.4 These test methods are very sensitive to specimen size, coking rates, etc.; therefore, strict compliance with these test methods is critical.  
3.5 Appreciable amounts of reducible components, such as Fe2O3, will have a noticeable effect on the results. Thus, values obtained by these test methods will be different when brick removed from service is tested. This must be kept in mind when attempting to use these test methods in an absolute sense.  
3.6 Oxidizable components such as metals and carbides can have a noticeable effect on the results. This must be kept in mind when using the second procedure, which is based on measuring weight loss after igniting the coked specimens.  
3.7 Testing of brick or shapes that contain magnesium metal presents special problems since this metal is highly volatile and substantial amounts of the magnesium can be lost from the sample during the coking procedure. This must be kept in mind when interpreting the results of testing of brick that contains magnesium. In addition, magnesium can react readily with atmospheric humidity. This must be kept in mind when storing brick that contains magnesium.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of residual carbon content in carbon-bearing brick and shapes after a prescribed coking treatment. They provide two procedures. The first procedure is based on the combustion of carbon and its measurement as carbon dioxide. However, when using the first procedure for articles that contain silicon carbide or other carbides, no distinction will be made between carbon present in the form of a carbide and carbon present as elemental carbon. The second procedure provides a method for calculating apparent residual carbon (on the basis of weight loss after igniting the coked specimens), apparent carbonaceous material content, and apparent carbon yield. If the second procedure is used for brick or shapes that contain metallic additives or carbides, it must be recognized that there will be a weight gain associated with the oxidation of the metals, or carbides, or both. Such a weight gain can change the results substantially, and this must be kept in mind when interpreting the data.  
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3.1 This test method determines relative hydration resistance of magnesia grain.  
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3.3 Care must be taken in interpreting the data.
SCOPE
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Standard Guide for Forensic Analysis of Geological Materials by Powder X-Ray Diffraction

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The overarching goals of the forensic analysis of geological materials include (A) identification of an unknown material (see 11.3), (B) analysis of soils, sediments, or rocks to restrict their possible geographic origins as part of a provenance analysis (see 11.4), and (C) comparison of two or more samples to assess if they could have originated from the same source or to exclude a common source based on observation of exclusionary differences (see 11.5). XRD is only one analytical method that can be applied to the evidentiary samples in service of these distinct goals. Guidance for the analysis of forensic geological materials can be found in Refs (2-4).  
5.2 Within the analytical scheme of geological materials, XRD analysis is used to: identify the crystalline components within a sample; identify the crystalline components separated from a mixture, typically clay-sized material (see 8.8), or a selected particle class for which additional analysis is needed (see 8.11); or compare two or more samples based on the identified crystalline phases or diffraction patterns (see 11.5).  
5.2.1 Non-destructive XRD analysis can be performed in situ on geological material adhering to a substrate (see 8.12.3).  
5.2.2 The most common forensic applications of XRD to geological materials are (A) identification or confirmation of a selected phase or fraction of a sample (see 8.12), (B) identification of minerals in the clay-sized fractions of soils (see 8.8), and (C) identification of the phases of the hydrated cement component of concrete or mortar.  
5.3 This guide is intended to be used with other methods of analysis (for example, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, palynology) within a more comprehensive analytical scheme for the forensic analysis or comparison of geological materials.  
5.3.1 Comprehensive criteria for forensic comparisons of geological material integrating multiple analytical methods and provenance estimations (see 11.4) are ...
SCOPE
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ASTM
ASTM D8021-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Blast Furnace and Steel Furnace Slag as Produced During the Manufacture of Iron and Steel

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag is produced during a variety of processes in the manufacture of iron and steel.  
4.2 Slag can be considered a product based on the mineralogy of samples that are tested using X-ray diffraction, phase recognition and characterization, powdered XRD-Rietveld analysis, and SEM-PARC results, using this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is intended to provide guidance as to the appropriate/typical mineralogy observed when iron and steel slag, produced during the manufacture of iron and steel, is designated as a product. The included information covers the mineral properties of blast furnace slag and steel slag when they are manufactured in conjunction with the production of iron or steel, or both (Note 1).  
Note 1: This guide is not intended to be used to determine the applicability of iron or steel slag, or both, for various applications. Terminology D8 designates steel slag as a product, while Terminology C125 designates blast furnace slag as a product. Its sole intent is to provide guidance as to the typical mineralogy when the iron or steel slag, or both, is designated as a product.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units are utilized in this standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) should not be considered as requirements of the specification.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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