ASTM D2565-23

Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.  
4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this practice.
Note 2: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.  
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.6,7 Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that the number of specimens of the control material be the same as that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.  
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other d...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2023
• ICS: 83.140.01 - Rubber and plastics products in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.50 - Durability of Plastics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2565-16 - Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2968/F2968M-21 - Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe for Gas Distribution Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3390-20 - Standard Specification for 3 through 24 in. Lined Flexible Corrugated Polyethylene Pipe for Land Drainage Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D1047-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Jacket for Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM G178-16(2023) - Standard Practice for Determining the Activation Spectrum of a Material (Wavelength Sensitivity to an Exposure Source) Using the Sharp Cut-On Filter or Spectrographic Technique
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM C1900-20 - Standard Practice for Weathering and Evaluation of Laminated Glass
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3597-23 - Standard Specification for MRS-Rated Metric- and Inch-sized Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Pipe for Oil and Gas Producing Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D1248-16 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3378/F3378M-22 - Standard Specification for Crosslinkable Polyethylene (CX-PE) Pipe
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2947/F2947M-21a - Standard Specification for 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.] Annular Corrugated Profile-Wall Polyethylene (PE) Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary Sewer Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM E154/E154M-08a(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Retarders Used in Contact with Earth Under Concrete Slabs, on Walls, or as Ground Cover
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F3534/F3534M-22 - Standard Specification for MRS-Rated Metric- and Inch-Sized Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pressure Pipe for Gas Distribution Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM D2239-22 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SIDR-PR) Based on Controlled Inside Diameter
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F964-13(2019) - Standard Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Referred By: ASTM F2905/F2905M-22 - Standard Specification for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Line Pipe For Oil and Gas Producing Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023

Overview

ASTM D2565-23 is the internationally recognized standard practice developed by ASTM International for evaluating the durability of plastics intended for outdoor use. This document outlines procedures and conditions for exposing plastics to xenon-arc light sources in controlled laboratory settings to simulate the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The practice primarily assesses how exposure to these outdoor conditions impacts the electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of plastic materials over time.

This standard is essential for manufacturers, product developers, and quality assurance teams who need to determine the weatherability and long-term performance of plastics used in outdoor applications. Adhering to ASTM D2565-23 helps ensure consistent, reproducible, and reliable test results for material comparison and selection.

Key Topics

• Significance of Xenon-Arc Exposure:
  The practice is designed to induce changes in plastic materials that closely mimic outdoor environmental conditions, particularly daylight, moisture, and temperature exposure. It does not address weather phenomena like pollution, biological attacks, or saltwater effects.

• Testing Scope:

  • Covers specimen preparation, testing procedures, exposure apparatus setup, and test result evaluation.
  • Utilizes xenon-arc lamp apparatus as outlined in referenced standards (ASTM G151, G155).
  • Focuses on property changes relevant to outdoor performance, such as color fading, gloss loss, cracking, or mechanical degradation.

• Reproducibility and Variability:
  Reproducibility between laboratories is well established when using control materials and proper test replication. The use of at least three test samples per material, along with simultaneous exposure of known control specimens, is recommended for reliable statistical evaluation.

• Reporting and Documentation:
  All test results must be reported with detailed documentation of the specific operating conditions, exposure cycles used, and any deviations from the standard. This ensures transparency and traceability.

Applications

ASTM D2565-23 is widely used in various industries to support product development, quality assurance, and regulatory compliance for plastics intended for outdoor environments. Key application areas include:

• Outdoor Construction Materials:
  Evaluating roofing, siding, windows, fencing, and decking plastics to ensure long-term color stability and mechanical integrity.

• Automotive Components:
  Assessing exterior and interior trim materials for resistance to sunlight, heat, and humidity over time.

• Consumer and Recreational Products:
  Testing playground equipment, signage, furniture, and other products frequently exposed to outdoor elements.

• Electrical and Telecommunication Enclosures:
  Ensuring that plastic housings retain their protective properties and physical performance despite prolonged outdoor exposure.

By following ASTM D2565-23, organizations can compare products, select suitable materials, and validate claims regarding outdoor durability, leading to increased product longevity and customer confidence.

Related Standards

When implementing ASTM D2565-23, it is important to be aware of related standards, which may apply depending on product type and testing objectives:

• ASTM G151: Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
• ASTM G155: Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials
• ASTM D5870: Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
• ASTM E691: Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
• ISO 4892-2: Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources - Part 2: Xenon Arc Lamps
• SAE J2412 & J2527: Standards for automotive interior and exterior material testing under xenon-arc exposure

Keywords: accelerated weathering, outdoor plastics, xenon-arc exposure, material durability, ultraviolet resistance, ASTM D2565, weatherability testing, standard practice.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2565 − 23
Standard Practice for
Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of
Plastics
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test condi-
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
tions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
conducted in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weath-
practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test
ering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
conditions best suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
results.
of Nonmetallic Materials
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetal-
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
lic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accel-
tion only and are not considered standard.
erated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Exposure of Materials
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- Weathering Tests
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
NOTE 1—This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter,
Light Sources—Part 2, Xenon Arc Lamp
but differ in technical content.
2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standards:
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive Interior
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Arc Apparatus
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
SAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive Exterior
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Ap-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
paratus
2. Referenced Documents
3. Terminology
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
this practice.
Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
4. Significance and Use
1 4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics. its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
exposure to light, heat, and water can be very significant for
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2565 - 16. DOI:
many applications. This practice is intended to induce property
10.1520/D2565-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3 5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale,
www.astm.org. PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2565 − 23
changes associated with end-use conditions, including the the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned.
effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in Where practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized to
this practice is not intended to simulate the deterioration caused fit specimen holders and racks supplied with the exposure
by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric apparatus. Unless supplied with a specific backing as an
pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure. integral part of the test, specimens shall be mounted so that
only the minimum specimen area required for support by the
4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when oper-
holder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not be
ating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this
used as part of the test area. In cases where it is necessary to
practice. Therefore, all references to the use of this practice
support flexible specimens during exposure, attach the flexible
must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with
specimens to a thin supporting panel.
Section 9 that describes the specific operating conditions used.
Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats
NOTE 4—For supporting flexible specimens, aluminum panels that are
0.025 in. (0.64 mm) thick have been found to be acceptable for many
applicable to use of results obtained in accordance with this
applications.
practice.
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on
cate specimens of each test material and of the control material,
strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data
analysis of laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
if used.
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has
6.3 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all
been shown to be good when the stability of materials is
materials evaluated.
evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
6.3.1 For destructive tests, it is preferred to retain unex-
6,7
materials or to a control. Therefore, exposure of a similar
posed file specimens. When this practice is followed, ensure
material of known performance (a control) at the same time as
that sufficient file specimens are retained so that the property of
the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that
interest can be measured on the file specimens for all planned
the number of specimens of the control material be the same as
evaluations of the exposed materials.
that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least
NOTE 5—Since it is possible that the stability of the file specimen is also
three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for
time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods,
statistical evaluation of results.
or where small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,
it is possible that comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to
is invalid. The stored initial measurements of the file specimens are
operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155.
recommended wherever possible.
Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom
6.4 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 for
from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and
identification and conditioning and handling of test specimens,
humidity control, and condition and age of the lamp and filters.
control, and reference materials prior to, during, and after
5. Apparatus exposure.
5.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conform to the require-
6.5 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of
ments defined in Practices G151 and G155.
showing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.
Misleading results are possible using this method, since the
5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-
masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature
tion (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the require-
and humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.
ments of Table 1 in Practice G155 for a xenon lamp with
daylight filters.
6.6 Since it is possible that the thickness of a specimen will
markedly affect the results, thickness of test and control
NOTE 3—G155 has two different types of daylight filters. Type I filters
specimens shall be within 610 % of the nominal dimensions.
represent the closest match to the spectral irradiance of noon summer
sunlight. Type II filters allow more shortwave UV than noon summer
NOTE 6—The thickness of a specimen is especially important when
sunlight, but are a close match to the daylight filters used in most historic
mechanical properties are being investigated.
xenon arc tests. Both types meet the ASTM G155 requirements for
daylight filters, but Type I and Type II filters may produce different results.
7. Procedure
6. Test Specimen
7.1 If performance comparisons are not being made be-
6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed will be
tween the test materials themselves, it is recommended that a
determined by the specifications of the particular test method
control material be exposed simultaneously with experimental
used to evaluate the effects of the exposure on the specimens;
materials for determination of relative performance. All con-
cerned parties must agree on the control material used.
6 7.2 Practice G155 lists a number of exposure cycles that are
Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure
used for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Table 1
Standard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic
Materials, ASTM STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, eds.,
lists some of these cycles. It is possible to use any exposure
American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.
conditions as long as the exact conditions are detailed in the
Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials
report. The exposure cycles listed in the table are not neces-
in Accelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report No. 30, available from
NIST, Gaithersburg, MD. sarily preferred and no recommendation is implied. These
D2565 − 23
NOTE 7—Spray, condensation, and immersion are different kinds of
cycles are provided for reference only. Obtain mutual agree-
moisture exposures and frequently produce different results.
ment among all concerned parties for the specific exposure
cycle used. Each setpoint and its tolerances found in Table 1
represent an operational control point for equilibrium condi-
tions at a single location in the cabinet that has the potential not
to represent the uniformity of those conditions throughout the
cabinet.
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure Testing of Plastics
B C,D,E,F G
Cycle Number Cycle Description Parameter Set Point Maximum Allowed Typical Uses
Operational
C,D,E
Fluctuation
H 2 2 J
1 102 minutes of light Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Historical convention
followed by 18 minutes nm or
2 2
of light and front spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
[repeat]
H 2 2
1A 102 minutes of light Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Modified historical
followed by 18 minutes nm or convention with air
2 2
of light and front spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m temperature and
J
400 nm humidity control option
Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
I
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2 J
2 18 h, consisting of Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) General plastics
alternating 102 minutes nm or
2 2
of light followed by 18 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
minutes of light and 400 nm
front spray Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
6 h dark, with no water Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
spray Temperature
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 /–10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2
2A 18 h, consisting of Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Modified general
alternating 102 minutes nm or plastics with air
2 2
of light followed by 18 temperature control
41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
J
minutes of light and 400 nm option
front spray
Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
I
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
K
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
6 h dark, with no water Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
spray Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / –10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2
3 1.5 h light followed by Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Fabrics
0.5 h light and front nm or
2 2
water spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 77°C ±2°C
Temperature
Relative Humidity 70 % ±10 %
[repeat]
D2565 − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
B C,D,E,F G
Cycle Number Cycle Description Parameter Set Point Maximum Allowed Typical Uses
Operational
C,D,E
Fluctuation
K,L 2 2
4 40 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Automotive exterior
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
2 2
20 minutes light with Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm)
front water spray nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C (158°F) See Footnote E
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
2 2
60 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm)
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
60 minutes dark with Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C See Footnote E
front and back spray Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %
[repeat]
K,M 2 2
5 3.8 h light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Automotive interior
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 89°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 62°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
1.0 dark Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %
[repeat]
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.
B
Unless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.
C
Unless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points given in Table 1, Set Point column, is within the specified limits
specified in Table 1, Operational Fluctuation column. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with the machine settings after the equipment has stabilized,
discontinue the test and correct the cause of the disagreement before continuing.
D
Set points and operational fluctuations are listed in separate columns in Table 1. They are sometimes listed as set point ± operational fluctuation. The set point is the
target condition for the sensor used at the operational control point as programmed by the user. Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated set point at the
control point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor during equilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the operational control
point, the operational fluctuation can exceed no more than the listed value at equilibrium. Therefore, when a standard ca
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2565 − 16 D2565 − 23
Standard Practice for
Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2565; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice covers specific procedures and test conditions that are applicable for xenon-arc exposure of plastics conducted
in accordance with Practices G151 and G155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions best
suited for plastics, and the evaluation of test results.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This practice and ISO 4892-2 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G155 Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.50 on Durability of Plastics.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2016Oct. 1, 2023. Published October 2016October 2023. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20082016
as D2565 - 99D2565 - 16.(08). DOI: 10.1520/D2565-16.10.1520/D2565-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2565 − 23
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources—Part 2, Xenon Arc Lamp
2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standards:
SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive Interior Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus
SAE J2527 Accelerated Exposure of Autmotive Exterior Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The ability of a plastic material to resist deterioration of its electrical, mechanical, and optical properties caused by exposure
to light, heat, and water can be very significant for many applications. This practice is intended to induce property changes
associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of daylight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not
intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena, such as, atmospheric pollution, biological attack,
and saltwater exposure.
4.2 Caution—Variations in results are possible when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this practice.
Therefore, all references to the use of this practice must be accompanied by a report prepared in accordance with Section 9 that
describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use
of results obtained in accordance with this practice.
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution, and data analysis of
laboratory-accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in
6,7
terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control. Therefore, exposure of a similar material of known
performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is preferable that the number of
specimens of the control material be the same as that used for test materials. It is recommended that at least three replicates of each
material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment in accordance with Practice G155. Significant
factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, and
condition and age of the lamp and filters.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conform to the requirements defined in Practices G151 and G155.
5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the requirements of Table
1 in Practice G155 for a xenon lamp with daylight filters.
NOTE 3—G155 has two different types of daylight filters. Type I filters represent the closest match to the spectral irradiance of noon summer sunlight.
Type II filters allow more shortwave UV than noon summer sunlight, but are a close match to the daylight filters used in most historic xenon arc tests.
Both types meet the ASTM G155 requirements for daylight filters, but Type I and Type II filters may produce different results.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The size and shape of specimens to be exposed will be determined by the specifications of the particular test method used to
evaluate the effects of the exposure on the specimens; the test method shall be determined by the parties concerned. Where
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure Standard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM
STP 1202, Warren D. Ketola and Douglas Grossman, eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1993.
Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials in Accelerated Durability Tests,” VAMAS Technical Report No. 30, available from NIST,
Gaithersburg, MD.
D2565 − 23
practical, it is recommended that specimens be sized to fit specimen holders and racks supplied with the exposure apparatus. Unless
supplied with a specific backing as an integral part of the test, specimens shall be mounted so that only the minimum specimen
area required for support by the holder shall be covered. This unexposed surface must not be used as part of the test area. In cases
where it is necessary to support flexible specimens during exposure, attach the flexible specimens to a thin supporting panel.
NOTE 4—For supporting flexible specimens, aluminum panels that are 0.025 in. (0.64 mm) thick have been found to be acceptable for many applications.
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three replicate specimens of each test material and of the control material, if used.
6.3 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all materials evaluated.
6.3.1 For destructive tests, it is preferred to retain unexposed file specimens. When this practice is followed, ensure that sufficient
file specimens are retained so that the property of interest can be measured on the file specimens for all planned evaluations of the
exposed materials.
NOTE 5—Since it is possible that the stability of the file specimen is also time-dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, or
where small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated, it is possible that comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen is
invalid. The stored initial measurements of the file specimens are recommended wherever possible.
6.4 Follow the procedures described in Practice G147 for identification and conditioning and handling of test specimens, control,
and reference materials prior to, during, and after exposure.
6.5 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of showing on one panel the effects of various exposure times. Misleading
results are possible using this method, since the masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature and humidity cycles
that in many cases will affect results.
6.6 Since it is possible that the thickness of a specimen will markedly affect the results, thickness of test and control specimens
shall be within 610 % of the nominal dimensions.
NOTE 6—The thickness of a specimen is especially important when mechanical properties are being investigated.
7. Procedure
7.1 If performance comparisons are not being made between the test materials themselves, it is recommended that a control
material be exposed simultaneously with experimental materials for determination of relative performance. All concerned parties
must agree on the control material used.
7.2 Practice G155 lists a number of exposure cycles that are used for xenon-arc exposures of nonmetallic materials. Table 1 lists
some of these cycles. It is possible to use any exposure conditions as long as the exact conditions are detailed in the report. The
exposure cycles listed in the table are not necessarily preferred and no recommendation is implied. These cycles are provided for
reference only. Obtain mutual agreement among all concerned parties for the specific exposure cycle used. Each setpoint and its
tolerances found in Table 1 represent an operational control point for equilibrium conditions at a single location in the cabinet that
has the potential not to represent the uniformity of those conditions throughout the cabinet.
NOTE 7—Spray, condensation, and immersion are different kinds of moisture exposures and frequently produce different results.
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure Testing of Plastics
B C,D,E,F G
Cycle Number Cycle Description Parameter Set Point Maximum Allowed Typical Uses
Operational
C,D,E
Fluctuation
H 2 2 J
1 102 minutes of light Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Historical convention
followed by 18 minutes nm or
2 2
of light and front spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
[repeat]
D2565 − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
B C,D,E,F G
Cycle Number Cycle Description Parameter Set Point Maximum Allowed Typical Uses
Operational
C,D,E
Fluctuation
H 2 2
1A 102 minutes of light Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Modified historical
followed by 18 minutes nm or convention with air
2 2
of light and front spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m temperature and
J
humidity control option
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
I
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2 J
2 18 h, consisting of Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) General plastics
alternating 102 minutes nm or
2 2
of light followed by 18 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
minutes of light and 400 nm
front spray Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
6 h dark, with no water Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
spray Temperature
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 /–10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2
2A 18 h, consisting of Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Modified general
alternating 102 minutes nm or plastics with air
2 2
of light followed by 18 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m temperature control
J
minutes of light and 400 nm option
front spray Uninsulated Black Panel 63°C ±2°C
Temperature
I
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
K
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
6 h dark, with no water Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
spray Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / –10 %
[repeat]
H 2 2
3 1.5 h light followed by Irradiance 0.35 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Fabrics
0.5 h light and front nm or
2 2
water spray 41.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 77°C ±2°C
Temperature
Relative Humidity 70 % ±10 %
[repeat]
K,L 2 2
4 40 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Automotive exterior
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
2 2
20 minutes light with Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm)
front water spray nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C (158°F) See Footnote E
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
2 2
60 minutes light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm)
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 70°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 47°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
60 minutes dark with Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C See Footnote E
front and back spray Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %
[repeat]
D2565 − 23
TABLE 1 Continued
B C,D,E,F G
Cycle Number Cycle Description Parameter Set Point Maximum Allowed Typical Uses
Operational
C,D,E
Fluctuation
K,M 2 2
5 3.8 h light Irradiance 0.55 W/(m nm) at 340 ±0.02 W/(m nm) Automotive interior
nm or
2 2
65.5 W/m from 300 to ±2.5 W/m
400 nm
Uninsulated Black Panel 89°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 62°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 50 % ±10 %
1.0 dark Uninsulated Black Panel 38°C ±2°C
Temperature
Air Temperature 38°C ±2°C
Relative Humidity 95 % +5 / 10 %
[repeat]
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.
B
Unless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.
C
Unless otherwise specified, operate the device so that the allowable deviations about the set points given in Table 1, Set Point column, is within the specified limits
specified in Table 1, Operational Fluctuation column. If the actual operating conditions do not agree with the machine settings after the equipment has stabilized,
discontinue the test and correct the cause of the disagreement before continuing.
D
Set points and operational fluctuations are listed in separate columns in Table 1. They are sometimes listed as set point ± operational fluctuation. The set point is the
target condition for the sensor used at the operational control point as programmed by the user. Operational fluctuations are deviations from the indicated set point at the
control point indicated by the readout of the calibrated control sensor during equilibrium operation and do not include measurement uncertainty. At the operational control
point, the operational fluctuation can exceed no more than the listed value at equilibrium. Therefore, when a standard calls for a particular set point, the user programs
that exact number. The operational fluctuations specified with the set point do not imply that the user is allowed to program a set point higher or lower th
...