ASTM D3402/D3402M-23
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
Standard Test Method for Tumbler Test for Coke
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample that is sized to 75 mm by 50 mm [ 3.0 in. by 2 in.].
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure uses a composite coke sample that is comprised of coke sized 50 % of 63 mm by 50 mm [2.5 in. by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 mm by 37.5 mm [2 in. by 1.50 in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3402/D3402M − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope by D 3402 (Withdrawn 1975)
D346/D346M Practice for Collection and Preparation of
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a
Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
impact and abrasion.
Sieves
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke
3. Summary of Test Method
sample that is sized to 75 mm by 50 mm [ 3.0 in. by 2 in.].
3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure uses a compos-
rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number
ite coke sample that is comprised of coke sized 50 % of 63 mm
of revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor
by 50 mm [2.5 in. by 2 in.] and 50 % of 50 mm by 37.5 mm
and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the
[2 in. by 1.50 in.].
coke after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
and alternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure
hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the
conformance with the standard, each system shall be used
standard procedure.
independently of the other, and values from the two systems
4. Significance and Use
shall not be combined.
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
a blast furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
measure of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to these degradation processes.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5. Apparatus
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
consisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm [36 in.] in inside
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
diameter and 455 mm [17.9 in.] in inside width and made of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
plate at least 6.4 mm [0.25 in.] thick. The machine may be
constructed as a double drum mounted on a common shaft so
2. Referenced Documents
that duplicate coke samples may be tested at the same time.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Two equally spaced 50 mm by 50 mm by 6.4 mm [2 in. by 2 in.
D294 Method of Test for Tumbler Test for Coke; Replaced
by 0.25 in.] steel angles extending across the width of each
drum are solidly fastened inside each drum as shown. These
angles are fastened to the shell so that the attached legs point
1
away from the direction of rotation, thus giving a clear
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical
unobstructed shelf for lifting the coke. At least one door must
Properties of Coal and Coke.
be provided in each drum for charging and discharging the
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published October 2023. Originally
coke sample. This door preferably should extend nearly across
approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D3402/D3402M – 16.
DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-23. the width of each drum. As an alternative, a door in the side of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. w
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D3402/D3402M − 16 D3402/D3402M − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Tumbler Test for Coke
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3402/D3402M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for obtaining a relative measure of the resistance to degradation of coke by impact and
abrasion.
1.2 Standard Procedure—This procedure uses a coke sample sized to −75 mm [−3 in.] and + 50 mm [ + 2 that is sized to 75 mm
by 50 mm [ 3.0 in. by 2 in.].
1.3 Alternative Procedure—This procedure using coke uses a composite coke sample that is comprised of coke sized 50 % of 63
1 1
by 50 mm [263 mm by 50 mm [2.5 in. ⁄2by 2 in.] 2 in.] and 50 % of 5050 mm by 37.5 mm [2 by 1[2 in. by 1.50 ⁄2 in.].
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently
of the other. Combiningother, and values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.shall not be
combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D294 Method of Test for Tumbler Test for Coke; Replaced by D 3402 (Withdrawn 1975)
D346/D346M Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory Analysis
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A sample of dry coke of designated size is tumbled in a rotating drum at a specified turning rate for a specified number of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.15 on Metallurgical Properties
of Coal and Coke.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2023. Published April 2016October 2023. Originally approved in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 20082016 as
D3402/D3402M – 93D3402/D3402M – 16.(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D3402_D3402M-16.10.1520/D3402_D3402M-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D3402/D3402M − 23
revolutions. Two indexes of its strength, the stability factor and the hardness factor, are determined by sieve analysis of the coke
after treatment. Studies have indicated that there is no real difference in the stability factor as determined by the standard and
alternative procedures. The alternative procedure produces hardness factor results averaging slightly higher than the standard
procedure.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Coke undergoes various degrees of degradation during removal from coke ovens, transportation, and its decent within a blast
furnace to the combustion zone. These processes subject the coke to impact and abrasion. This test method is a relative measure
of the resistance of coke to breakage when subjected to these degradation processes.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Tumbler Machine (see Fig. 1)—The tumbler machine consisting of a cylindrical steel drum 910 mm [36 in.] in inside diameter
1
and 455 mm [18[17.9 in.] in inside width and made of plate at least 6 mm [6.4 mm [0.25 ⁄4 in.] thick. The machine may be
constructed as a double drum mounted on a common shaft so that
...
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