ASTM D6243/D6243M-13a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
Standard Test Method for Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Resistance of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure described in this test method for determination of the shear resistance for the GCL or the GCL interface is intended as a performance test to provide the user with a set of design values for the test conditions examined. The test specimens and conditions, including normal stresses, are generally selected by the user.
5.2 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of GCLs, but caution is advised as outlined in 5.2.1.
5.2.1 The shear resistance can be expressed only in terms of actual test conditions (see Notes 2 and 3). The determined value may be a function of the applied normal stress, material characteristics (for example, of the geosynthetic), soil properties, size of sample, moisture content, drainage conditions, displacement rate, magnitude of displacement, and other parameters.Note 2—In the case of acceptance testing requiring the use of soil, the user must furnish the soil sample, soil parameters, and direct shear test parameters. The method of test data interpretation for purposes of acceptance should be mutually agreed to by the users of this standard.Note 3—Testing under this test method should be performed by laboratories qualified in the direct shear testing of soils and meeting the requirements of Practice D3740, especially since the test results may depend on site-specific and test conditions.
5.2.2 This test method measures the total resistance to shear within a GCL or between a GCL and adjacent material. The total shear resistance may be a combination of sliding, rolling and interlocking of material components
5.2.3 This test method does not distinguish between individual mechanisms, which may be a function of the soil and GCL used, method of material placement and hydration, normal and shear stresses applied, means used to hold the GCL in place, rate of horizontal displacement, and other factors. Every effort should be made to identify, as closely as is practicable, the sheared area and ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the internal shear resistance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) or the interface shear resistance between the GCL and an adjacent material under a constant rate of deformation.
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field conditions.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See Test Method D5321 for non-GCLs.
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to the nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D6243/D6243M − 13a
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Internal and Interface Shear Strength of
1
Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6243/D6243M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
3
istics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
3
kN-m/m ))
internalshearresistanceofaGeosyntheticClayLiner(GCL)or
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
the interface shear resistance between the GCLand an adjacent
3
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
material under a constant rate of deformation.
3
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance
D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Con-
of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
solidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
conditions.
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering
Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or
undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils
Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
Test Method D5321 for non-GCLs.
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of
Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as
exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to
Used in Engineering Design and Construction
the nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displace-
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
ment.
D5321 Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Inter-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
faces by Direct Shear
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosyn-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
thetic Clay Liners
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to soil and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of terms
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
relating to GCLs, refer to Terminology D4439.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1 adhesion, c ,n—the y-intercept of the Mohr-Coulomb
a
2. Referenced Documents strength envelope.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.2 atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air main-
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained tained at a relative humidity of between 50 and 70 % and
Fluids
temperature of 21 6 2°C [70 6 4°F].
3.2.3 GCL, n—a manufactured hydraulic barrier consisting
of clay bonded to a layer, or layers, of geosynthetic materials.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn-
3.2.4 Mohr-Coulomb friction angle, δ,n—(angle of friction
thetic Clay Liners.
of a material or between two materials, degrees) the angle
Current edition approved July 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
defined by the least-squares, “best-fit” straight line through a
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6243–13. DOI:
10.1520/D6243_D6243M-13A.
defined section of the shear strength-normal stress failure
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
envelope; the component of the shear strength indicated by the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
termδ,inCoulomb’sequation,τ =C +σ *tan(δ)(see12.6).
a n
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 3.2.4.1 Discussion—The end user is cautioned that some
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D6243/D6243M − 13a
organizations (for example, FHWA,AASHTO along with state 4.2 TodefineaMohr-Coulombshearstrengthenvelope,itis
agencies who use these documen
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6243 − 13 D6243/D6243M − 13a
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Internal and Interface Shear
ResistanceStrength of Geosynthetic Clay Liner by the Direct
1
Shear Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6243;D6243/D6243M; the number immediately following the designation indicates
the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the internal shear resistance of a Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) or
the interface shear resistance between the GCL and an adjacent material under a constant rate of displacement or constant
stress.deformation.
1.2 This test method is intended to indicate the performance of the selected specimen by attempting to model certain field
conditions.
1.3 This test method is applicable to all GCLs. Remolded or undisturbed soil samples can be used in the test device. See Test
Method D5321 for non-GCLs.
1.4 This test method is not suited for the development of exact stress-strain relationships within the test specimen due to the
nonuniform distribution of shearing forces and displacement.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in
parentheses are for information only.stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids
3 3
D698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft (600 kN-m/m ))
3
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft (2,700
3
kN-m/m ))
D2435D2435/D2435M Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D3080D3080/D3080M Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils Under Consolidated Drained Conditions
D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
Engineering Design and Construction
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D5321 Test Method for Determining the Shear Strength of Soil-Geosynthetic and Geosynthetic-Geosynthetic Interfaces by
Direct Shear
D6072D6072/D6072M Practice for Obtaining Samples of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosynthetic Clay
Liners.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013July 1, 2013. Published February 2012August 2013. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D6243–09.–13. DOI: 10.1520/D6243-13.10.1520/D6243_D6243M-13A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6243/D6243M − 13a
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to soil and rock, refer to Terminology D653. For definitions of termterms
relating to GCLs, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 adhesion, c , n—the shearing resistance between two unlike materials under zero normal stress.y-intercept of the
a
Mohr-Coulomb strength envelope.
3.2.2 angle of friction, n—(angle of friction of a material or between two materials, °,) the angle whose tangent is the ratio
between the limiting value of the shear stress that resists slippage internal to a body or between two solid bodies at rest with respect
to each other and the normal stre
...
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