ASTM D4834-03(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Standard Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 % based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method D 3618.
1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead could not be determined by this test method provided that appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4834 − 03 (Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to 3.1 A weighed quantity of the paint sample is diluted
determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % (solvent-reducible paints in methyl isobutyl ketone and water-
lead. The test described can differentiate between 0.05 and reducible paints in water) and then aspirated into the burner of
0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be an atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead content of the paint is
analyzed quantitatively for lead using Test Method D3335. determined from a calibration plot of absorbance versus
This test method provides a more definitive and reliable concentration, prepared from standard coatings containing
screening test than Test Method D3618. known amounts of lead.
1.2 There is no reason to believe that higher levels of lead
4. Significance and Use
could not be determined by this test method provided that
4.1 Current U.S. regulations restrict the amount of lead that
appropriate dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and
may be present in consumer paint products to less than 0.06 %
reagent quantities are made.
based on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
means for screening paints to determine compliance with those
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
regulations. The test method may be adjusted to meet regula-
standard.
tions with a different limit on lead content.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Apparatus
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer , consisting of an
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- atomizerandeitherasingle-orathree-slotburner,gaspressure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
regulating and metering devices for air and acetylene, lead
source lamp with a regulated constant-current supply, a mono-
2. Referenced Documents
chromator and associated optics, a photosensitive detector
connected to an electronic amplifier, and a readout device.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.2 Volumetric Flasks, 50 mL.
D2832 GuideforDeterminingVolatileandNonvolatileCon-
6. Reagent and Materials
tent of Paint and Related Coatings
D3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead,
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption
used in all tests unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise
Spectroscopy
indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the
D3618 TestMethodforDetectionofLeadinPaintandDried
specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the
Paint Films
American Chemical Society, where such specifications are
available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first
ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to
permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determi-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
nation.
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4834 – 03. DOI: Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
10.1520/D4834-03R08. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
the ASTM website. MD.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4834 − 03 (2008)
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references 8. Procedure
towatershallbeunderstoodtomeanreagentwaterconforming
8.1 Mixthepainttobetesteduntilhomogeneous,preferably
to Type II of Specification D1193.
on a mechanical shaker. Determine the nonvolatile content in
accordance with the appropriate test method selected by
6.3 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK), technical grade.
consulting Guide D2832.
6.4 Standard Paints—Prepare at least 3 standard paints by
8.2 Prepare at least two replicate specimens by weighing by
addingaccuratelyweighedquantitiesofananalyticallyassayed
difference from a weighing bottle or disposable syringe to 0.1
compatible lead compound to a solvent-reducible or water-
mg, 0.5 6 0.02-g quantities of the paint being tested, into 10
reducible paint that has been analyzed by Test Method D3335
mL volumetric flasks. Dilute to the mark with MIBK, if the
and shown to contain less than 10 ppm of lead. Determine the
paintissolventreducible,orwithwater,ifitiswaterreducible.
nonvolatile content of the base paint and choose quantities of
Mix thoroughly.
the lead compound so that the lead concentrations of the
standard paints will be approximately 300, 600, and
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4834–03 Designation:D4834–03(Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test
described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively
for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method
D 3618.
1.2 Thereisnoreasontobelievethathigherlevelsofleadcouldnotbedeterminedbythistestmethodprovidedthatappropriate
dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
D 3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D 3618 Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint and Dried Paint Films
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A weighed quantity of the paint sample is diluted (solvent-reducible paints in methyl isobutyl ketone and water-reducible
paints in water) and then aspirated into the burner of an atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead content of the paint is determined
from a calibration plot of absorbance versus concentration, prepared from standard coatings containing known amounts of lead.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 CurrentU.S.regulationsrestricttheamountofleadthatmaybepresentinconsumerpaintproductstolessthan0.06 %based
on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations.
The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, consisting of an atomizer and either a single- or a three-slot burner, gas pressure
regulatingandmeteringdevicesforairandacetylene,leadsourcelampwitharegulatedconstant-currentsupply,amonochromator
and associated optics, a photosensitive detector connected to an electronic amplifier, and a readout device.
5.2 Volumetric Flasks,50mL.
6. Reagent and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise
indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Dec.Nov. 1, 2003.2008. Published January 2004.November 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 19882003 as
D4834–88(1998). D 4834 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4834–03 (2008)
American Chemical Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained
that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Type II of Specification D 1193.
6.3 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK), technical grade.
6.4 Standard Paints—Prepare at least 3 standard paints by adding accurately weighed quantities of an analytically assayed
compatible lead compound to a solvent-reducible or water-reducible paint that has been analyzed by Test Method D 3335 and
shown to contain less than 10 ppm of lead. Determine the nonvolatile content of the base paint and choose quantities of the lead
compound so that the lead concentrations of the standard paints will be approximately 300, 600, and 900 µg/g based on the
nonvolatile content.
7. Calibration and Standardization
7.1 Prepare at least three solvent-reducible or water-reducible standard paint specimens (see 6.4) that bracket the expected lead
concentration in the sample to be tested. Following the procedure in 8.2 dilute the standards for aspiration.
7.2 Operational instructions for atomic absorption spectrophotometers vary with different models. Consult the manufacturer’s
literature for establishing optimum conditions for the specific instrument used.
7.3 Turn the instrument on and set the wavelength to the 283.3-nm lead line. Apply the current recommended
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4834–88(Reapproved1998) Designation:D4834–03(Reapproved2008)
Standard Test Method for
Detection of Lead in Paint by Direct Aspiration Atomic
Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4834; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is intended as a screening test to determine if the solids in a paint contain more than 0.06 % lead. The test
described can differentiate between 0.05 and 0.06 %. Paints giving a result greater than 0.05 % should be analyzed quantitatively
for lead using Test Method D 3335. This test method provides a more definitive and reliable screening test than Test Method
D 3618.
1.2 Thereisnoreasontobelievethathigherlevelsofleadcouldnotbedeterminedbythistestmethodprovidedthatappropriate
dilutions and adjustments in specimen size and reagent quantities are made.
1.3
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D 2832 Guide for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Paint and Related Coatings
D 3335 Test Method for Low Concentrations of Lead, Cadmium, and Cobalt in Paint by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
D 3618 Test Method for Detection of Lead in Paint and Dried Paint Films
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 A weighed quantity of the paint sample is diluted (solvent-reducible paints in methyl isobutyl ketone and water-reducible
paints in water) and then aspirated into the burner of an atomic absorption spectrometer. Lead content of the paint is determined
from a calibration plot of absorbance versus concentration, prepared from standard coatings containing known amounts of lead.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 CurrentU.S.regulationsrestricttheamountofleadthatmaybepresentinconsumerpaintproductstolessthan0.06 %based
on the total solids. This test method provides a rapid means for screening paints to determine compliance with those regulations.
The test method may be adjusted to meet regulations with a different limit on lead content.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, consisting of an atomizer and either a single- or a three-slot burner, gas pressure
regulatingandmeteringdevicesforairandacetylene,leadsourcelampwitharegulatedconstant-currentsupply,amonochromator
and associated optics, a photosensitive detector connected to an electronic amplifier, and a readout device.
5.2 Volumetric Flasks,50mL.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials .
Current edition approved Dec. 16, 1988. Published February 1989.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4834 – 03.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4834–03 (2008)
6. Reagent and Materials
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise
indicated, it is intended that all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the
American Chemical Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades may be used, provided it is first ascertained that
the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming to
Type II of Specification D 1193.
6.3 Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK), technical grade.
6.4 Standard Paints—Prepare at least 3 standard paints by adding accurately weighed quantities of an analytically assayed
compatible lead compound to a solvent-reducible or water-reducible paint that has been analyzed by Test Method D 3335 and
shown to contain less than 10 ppm of lead. Determine the nonvolatile content of the base paint and choose quantities of the lead
compound so that the lead concentrations of the standard paints will be approximately 300, 600, and 900 µg/g based on the
nonvolatile content.
7. Calibration and Standardization
7.1 Prepare at least three solvent-reducible or water-reducible standard paint specimens (see 6.4) that bracket the expected lead
concentration in the sample to be tested. Following the procedure in 8.2 dilute the standards for aspiration.
7.2 Operational instructions for atomic absorption spectrophotometers vary with different models. Consult the manufacturer’s
literature for establishing optimum conditions for the specific instrument used.
7.3 Turn the instrument on and set the wavelength to the 283.3-nm lead line. Apply the current recommended by the
manufacturer to the lead source lamp.Allow the instrument to warm up for about 15 min and set the slit width.Adjust the air and
acetylene pressure or flow rates and ignite the burner in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.Abackground corrector
should be used.
7.4Aspirate each of the diluted standard paints and record the corresponding absorbance readings. Aspirate MIBK or water, as
appropriate, between standards.
7.4 Aspirate each of the diluted standard paints and record the corresponding absorbance readings.Aspirate MIBK
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.