ASTM F2107-07
(Guide)Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas on Baseball and Softball Fields
Standard Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas on Baseball and Softball Fields
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The skinned areas of baseball and softball fields should provide a uniform playing surface of high quality. Ball bounce should be true and predictable. Footing and sliding properties should favor optimum performance of players. Undulations, rough surface, hard or soft surfaces, weeds, stones, and wet spots detract from good play. Playing surface quality is largely affected by construction and maintenance procedures, and this standard guide addresses those procedures. While warning tracks are a type of skinned area found on baseball and softball fields, this standard does not apply to warning tracks. A separate standard, Guide F 2270, presents information pertaining to warning tracks.
4.1.1 During construction, consideration should be given to factors such as the physical and chemical properties of materials used in the area, freedom from stones and other debris, and surface and internal drainage.
4.1.2 Maintenance practices that influence the playability of the surface include edging, dragging, rolling, watering, vegetation control, brushing or hosing to prevent buildup of a lip of mineral matter in turfgrass at the skinned/turfed edges, and removal of stones and debris that may adversely affect play and safety.
Those responsible for the design, construction, or maintenance, or a combination thereof, of skinned areas on baseball and softball fields will benefit from this guide.
This guide provides flexibility in choices of procedures and can be used to cover a variety of use and budget levels.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the construction and maintenance of skinned areas on baseball and softball fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection of materials, such as soil, sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed brick, calcined clay, calcined diatomaceous earth, vitrified clay, etc., for use in constructing or reconditioning skinned areas and for the selection of management practices that will maintain a safe and playable skinned surface. Although this guide is specific to baseball/softball, it has application to other sports where ball bounce, ball roll, or player footing, or a combination thereof, are of importance.
1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic factors, level of play, intensity of use, equipment available, budget, and training and ability of management personnel.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. The ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a projects many unique aspects. The word "Standard" in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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An American National Standard
Designation:F2107–07
Standard Guide for
Construction and Maintenance of Skinned Areas on
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Baseball and Softball Fields
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2107; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
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1.1 This guide covers techniques that are appropriate for the 2.1 ASTM Standards:
construction and maintenance of skinned areas on baseball and C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
softball fields. This guide provides guidance for the selection C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and Related
of materials, such as soil, sand, gravel, crushed stone, crushed Products
brick,calcinedclay,calcineddiatomaceousearth,vitrifiedclay, D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils
etc.,foruseinconstructingorreconditioningskinnedareasand D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
for the selection of management practices that will maintain a Fluids
safe and playable skinned surface. Although this guide is D 5883 Guide for Use of Rotary Kiln Produced Expanded
specific to baseball/softball, it has application to other sports Shale, Clay or Slate (ESCS) as a Mineral Amendment in
whereballbounce,ballroll,orplayerfooting,oracombination Topsoil Used for Landscaping and Related Purposes
thereof, are of importance. E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing
1.2 Decisions in selecting construction and maintenance Purposes
techniques are influenced by existing soil types, climatic F 405 Specification for Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Pipe
factors, level of play, intensity of use, equipment available, and Fittings
budget, and training and ability of management personnel. F 1632 Test Method for Particle Size Analysis and Sand
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the Shape Grading of Golf Course Putting Green and Sports
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. Field Rootzone Mixes
1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera- F 2270 Guide for Construction and Maintenance of Warn-
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to ing Track Areas on Sports Fields
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
3. Terminology
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter- 3.1 Definitions—Except as noted, soil related definitions are
in accordance with Terminology D 653.
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.5 This guide offers an organized collection of information 3.1.1 calcined clay—granular, lightweight material pro-
duced by calcining clay minerals, such as montmorillonite and
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
course of action. This document cannot replace education or attapulgite, at temperatures of about 700°C or higher. Those
used as soil amendments should be hard, resistant to physical
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all breakdown, and screened to appropriate sizes. Calcined clay is
a manufactured product that lacks the particle size and plas-
circumstances. TheASTM standard is not intended to represent
or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a ticity properties that would allow it to be included in the
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definition of clay. (1)
given professional service must be judged, nor should this
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many 3.1.2 calcined diatomite—stable, lightweight granules pro-
duced by calcining diatomite (diatomaceous earth), a hydrated
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
document means only that the document has been approved silica mineral derived from the remains of diatoms. (1)
through the ASTM consensus process.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
EquipmentandFacilitiesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeF08.64on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Natural Playing Surfaces. the ASTM website.
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Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
e1
approved in 2001. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F 2107 – 01 . this standard.
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