ASTM D2008-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
Standard Test Method for Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The absorbance of liquids and the absorptivity of liquid and solids at specified wavelengths in the ultraviolet are useful in characterizing petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 400 nm of the spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
General Information
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Designation: D2008 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultra- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
violet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers D1193Specification for Reagent Water
the absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and E131Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to E169PracticesforGeneralTechniquesofUltraviolet-Visible
400nm of the spectrum. Quantitative Analysis
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
1.2 Theuseofthistestmethodimpliesthattheconditionsof
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path
length, and sample concentration—are specified by reference
3. Terminology
to one of the examples of the application of this test method in
3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption
the annexes or by a statement of other conditions of measure-
spectroscopy in this test method shall conform toTerminology
ment.
E131. Terms of particular significance are the following:
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the
3.2 Definitions:
absorptivity of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of
3.2.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromag-
USP petrolatum.
netic waves.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is
standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches,
transported in a beam of radiant energy.
indicated in parentheses, are for information only.
3.2.3 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a sub-
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and
stance that determines its transportability of radiant power,
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
expressed by:
central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
P
T 5 (1)
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
P
o
mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
where:
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website
P = the radiant power passing through the sample and
(http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-
3.2.4 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a sub-
containingproducts,orboth,inyourstatemaybeprohibitedby
state law. stance that determines its ability to take up radiant power,
expressed by:
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
A 5log ~1/T!52log T (2)
10 10
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.3.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Absorbance expresses the excess ab-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
sorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is
warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
implied that compensation has been affected for reflectance
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
PetroleumProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
2
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published October 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D2008–09. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D2008-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2008 − 12
losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if 6.2 For recommended methods of testing spectrophotom-
present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared eters to be used in this test method, refer to Practice E275.
with attenuation by absorption.
6.3 An instrument is considered suitable when it can be
3.2.5 dilution factor, f, n—theprop
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2008 − 09 D2008 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Ultraviolet Absorbance and Absorptivity of Petroleum
1
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the ultraviolet absorption of a variety of petroleum products. It covers the
absorbance of liquids or the absorptivity of liquids and solids, or both, at wavelengths in the region from 220 to 400 nm of the
spectrum.
1.2 The use of this test method implies that the conditions of measurement—wavelength, solvent (if any), sample path length,
and sample concentration—are specified by reference to one of the examples of the application of this test method in the annexes
or by a statement of other conditions of measurement.
1.3 Examples of the application of this test method are the determination of the absorbance of white mineral oil, the absorptivity
of refined petroleum wax, and the absorptivity of USP petrolatum.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in Fahrenheit, feet, and inches, indicated
in parentheses, are for information only.
1.5 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.3.1, 7.3.3, and 13.4.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
E169 Practices for General Techniques of Ultraviolet-Visible Quantitative Analysis
E275 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms and symbols relating to absorption spectroscopy in this test method shall conform to Terminology E131.
Terms of particular significance are the following:
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 radiant energy, n—energy transmitted as electromagnetic waves.
3.2.2 radiant power, P, n—the rate at which energy is transported in a beam of radiant energy.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0F
on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved April 15, 2009June 1, 2012. Published May 2009October 2012. Originally approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 20062009 as
D2008–91(2006).D2008–09. DOI: 10.1520/D2008-09.10.1520/D2008-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2008 − 12
3.2.3 transmittance, T, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its transportability of radiant power, expressed
by:
P
T 5 (1)
P
o
where:
P = the radiant power passing through the sample and
P = the radiant power incident upon the sample.
o
3.2.4 absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed
by:
A 5 log 1/T 52log T (2)
~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance as defined in 3.2.3.
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified ref
...
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