ASTM D2402-07(2012)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.
In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student's t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.
The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,
Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,
Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and
Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
FIG. 1 Cross-section View of Centrifuge Tube Assembly
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D2402 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope weighed wet. Then, the wet specimen is dried and reweighed.
Water retention is calculated and reported as a percentage of
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water
the dry mass.
retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or
filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the
5. Significance and Use
amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers
wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by cen-
aftercentrifugingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetestingof
trifugal force (see 3.2).
commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
developmentandresearch.However,ifthetestistobeusedfor
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
advised.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statisti-
2. Referenced Documents
cal biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired data with an
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while
designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its
3. Terminology
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consider-
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
ation for the known bias.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases
moisture pick-up, water retention.
with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
Terminology D123.
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various
man-made and natural fibers,
4. Summary of Test Method
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,
4.1 A specimen is thoroughly wetted-out by immersion, 5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to
alkaline processing, and
centrifuged for 5 min at an acceleration of 9800 m/s and
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
6. Apparatus
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
6.1 Stationary Coarse Comb , approximately 63 mm long
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally
andhavingneedlesapproximately12.5mmlongandspaced19
approved in 1965T Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2402 – 07. DOI:
10.1520/D2402-07R12.
needles to the 10 mm, or
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Combs meeting these requirements may be obtained from Alfred Suter Co.,
the ASTM website. Inc., Prel Plaza, Orangeburg, NY 10962.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2402 − 07 (2012)
FIG. 1 Cross-section View of Centrifuge Tube Assembly
shipping containers, between laboratory samples within the shipping
6.2 Hand Cards.
container, and between test specimens within a laboratory sample, to
6.3 Centrifuge, with trunnions capable of holding at least 2
provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s
tube assemblies. The centrifuge must be capable of operating
risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
to develop an angular speed that will produce a radial accel-
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
eration of 9800 m/s (1000 g) on the specimen within 5 min.
tance testing, proceed as follows:
8.2.1 For Staple Fiber—Systematically take five laboratory
6.4 Tube Assemblies, each consisting of a 15-mL,
polypropylene, centrifuge tube with draining holes, shell and sample subunits from each bale in the lot sample as directed in
Practice D3333.
support wire (see Fig. 1).
8.2.2 For Tow and Sliver (or Top)—From each shipping
6.5 Timer, suitable for controlling immersion time and
container in the lot sample, take at least a metre, or yard, of
centrifuge time to 61s.
material from the leading end of the textile strand that has a
6.6 Balance, with sensitivity of 0.5 mg and a capacity of
clean uniform appearance. If the shipping container has mul-
2000 g.
tiple packages, take one package drawn at random from the
container for that laboratory sample.
6.7 Weighing Containers, air-tight, large enough to hold a
8.2.3 For Yarn in Cases—Take ten yarn packages as di-
specimen basket.
rected in Practice D2258. Remove enough traverses of yarn to
6.8 Oven, convection type, maintained at 105 to 110°C.
obtainasurfacefreeofvisibledamageorsoil,andthenremove
6.9 Desiccator, with an efficient desiccant such as anhy-
at least a gram of yarn for the laboratory sample from each
drous silica gel, anhydrous calcium sulfate, or phosphorous
laboratory sampling unit.
pentoxide.
8.2.4 For Yarn on Beams—Sample as agreed upon between
the purchaser and supplier.
6.10 Bell Jar, optional, see 10.5.1.
8.3 Test Specimens—Test two 0.5 g specimens from each
7. Hazard
laboratory sampling unit, preferably from different sections of
7.1 Sodium hydroxide (see Note 4) is a strong base and
the laboratory sample units.
must be handled with appropriate safety precautions. Refer to
9. Conditioning
the manufacturer’s material safety data sheet information.
9.1 Specimens may be tested without any conditioning.
8. Sampling
10. Specimen Preparation
8.1 LotSample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
at random the number of shipping containers directed in the
10.1 Foreign Matter and Extractable Matter—If the labo-
applicable material specification or other agreement between
ratory sample units contain foreign matter, remove the latter by
the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
mechanical means (such as hand carding). For samples con-
Practice D3333 for staple fiber, sliver, top or tow, or to use
taining nonfibrous natural constituents of the fiber (such as oils
Practice D2258 for yarn. Consider the shipping containers to
and waxes) or substances added by the manufacturer (such as
be the primary sampling units.
finish, starch, soaps, waxes, etc.), extract
...
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