ASTM D2402-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
Standard Test Method for Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method for testing for water retention of fibers after centrifuging is not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for development and research. However, if the test is to be used for acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are advised.
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using Test Method D 2402 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statistical biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the Student’t-test for unpaired data with an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consideration for the known bias.
The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various man-made and natural fibers,
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers,
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to alkaline processing, and
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments.
FIG. 1 Cross-section View of Centrifuge Tube Assembly
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by centrifugal force (see 3.2).
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 9.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D2402–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Retention of Textile Fibers (Centrifuge Procedure)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2402; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of water
retention of man-made and natural fibers as staple, tow, or
4. Summary of Test Method
filament and spun yarns. It is intended to give a measure of the
4.1 A specimen is thoroughly wetted-out by immersion,
amount of water which cannot be removed from thoroughly
2
centrifuged for 5 min at an acceleration of 9800 m/s and
wetted fiber solely by mechanical means as applied by cen-
weighed wet. Then, the wet specimen is dried and reweighed.
trifugal force (see 3.2).
Water retention is calculated and reported as a percentage of
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the dry mass.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.1 This test method for testing for water retention of fibers
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
aftercentrifugingisnotrecommendedforacceptancetestingof
precautionary statements, see Section 9.
commercial shipments because the test is more appropriate for
2. Referenced Documents developmentandresearch.However,ifthetestistobeusedfor
2 acceptance testing, comparative tests as described in 5.1.1 are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
advised.
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5.1.1 In the case of a dispute arising from differences in
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
reported test results using Test Method D2402 for acceptance
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if statisti-
Sliver, or Tow for Testing
cal biases exist between their laboratories. As a minimum, the
D4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as
3. Terminology homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of
the type in question. The test specimens should then be
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
compared using the Student’s t-test for unpaired data with an
moisture pick-up, water retention.
acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties while
designing the test program. If the analysis shows a bias, its
cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
supplier must agree to interpret future test data with consider-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
ation for the known bias.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally
5.2 The amount of water retained by a fiber mass increases
approved in 1965T Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D2402 – 01. DOI:
10.1520/D2402-07.
with an increase in the hydrophilic tendency of the fiber. Thus
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the data obtained can be used to indicate the following:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.2.1 Differences in water retention between the various
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. man-made and natural fibers,
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2402–07
FIG. 1 Cross-section View of Centrifuge Tube Assembly
5.2.2 Degree of cross-linking in cellulosic fibers, the applicable material specification or other agreement be-
5.2.3 Damage incurred by wool and silk fibers due to tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to use
alkaline processing, and Practice D3333 for staple fiber, sliver, top or tow, or to use
5.2.4 Persistence of water-repellent treatments. Practice D2258 for yarn. Consider the shipping containers to
be the primary sampling units.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or o
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