ASTM D4977-03(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
Standard Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D4977 −03(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
1. Scope 67g(5lb 6 ⁄4 oz); the stroke length is 152 66mm(6 6
1
⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule
3
adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
4.2 AbrasionTestBrush —Abrushwith22holescontaining
bristles made of 0.305-mm (0.012-in.) diameter tempered steel
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
wire,40wiresperhole,setwithepoxy.Thedesignofthebrush
The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
is shown in Fig. 2.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensi-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tivity.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.)
2. Summary of Test Method
specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction.
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule
Forshingleswhosegeometrydoesnotallowacontinuous50.8
surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The
by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimen, two-piece specimens are
adhesion is assessed by weighing the amount of granules that
permitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of any
are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
given piece is 101.6 mm (4 6 ¼ in.). It is permitted to join the
two pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated
3. Significance and Use
surfaces.
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to
adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a
remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete
sample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine
abrasion cycles.
compliance with the applicable specification requirements or
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2°C
for comparative analysis. This test method applies to “as
(73.4 6 3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case of dispute,
manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material
condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
that has had weathering exposure.
6. Preparation of Apparatus
4. Apparatus
2 1
6.1 Insertthebrushintheholderwiththe38.1-mm(1 ⁄2-in.)
4.1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus —A machine de-
side parallel to the stroke line.
signed to cycle a test brush back and forth horizontally across
a specimen at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush
6.2 Before using a new brush, run it a minimum of 150
assemblyrestsonthespecimenwithadownwardmassof2268
cyclesonscrapmineralsurfacedroofingtoconditionthebrush.
6.3 Check the bristle length. Make certain that all bristles
1 are the same length and that the plane of the bristles ends is
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on parallel to the plane of the specimen. The maximum length is
Prepared Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials. 21 9
16.5mm( ⁄32in.)andminimumlengthis14.5mm( ⁄16in.)as
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally
measured with a steel rule having a resolution of at least 0.5
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4977–03. DOI:
1
mm ( ⁄32 in.).
10.1520/D4977-03R09.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test
6.4 Secure the centered brush in the holder.
MachineandAbrasionTestBrushes)knowntothecommitteeatthistimeis3M,3M
Center,St.Paul,MN55144.Ifyouareawareofalternativesuppliers,pleaseprovide
this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
1
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
3
you may attend. Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4977−03 (2009)
7.6 Remove the specimen from the sample holder, and
gently tap to remove loose granules.
7.7 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record the
mass.
8. Calculation
8.1 Determine the weight in grams of granul
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4977–98b Designation: D 4977 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundSIunitsareregardedasstandard.TheSIinch-poundunitsinparenthesesareforinformation
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The adhesion is
assessed by weighing the amount of granules that are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample
of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative
analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering
exposure.
4. Apparatus
2
4.1 GranuleAdhesionTestApparatus —Amachinedesignedtocycleatestbrushbackandforthhorizontallyacrossaspecimen
at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush assembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 5 lb 2268 6 oz (22686
1 1
7g);7g(5lb 6 ⁄4 oz); the stroke length is 6152 6 in. (1526 mm (6 6 6 mm). ⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
3
4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes containing bristles made of 0.012-in. (0.305-mm)0.305-mm (0.012-in.)
diameter tempered steel wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brush is shown in Fig. 2.
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensitivity.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cutaminimumoftwo250.8by9-in.(50.8229-mm(2by229-mm)9-in.)specimenswiththelongdimensioninthemachine
direction.Forshingleswhosegeometrydoesnotallowacontinuous250.8by229-mm(2by9-in.)specimen,two-piecespecimens
are permitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of any given piece is 101.6 mm (4 6 ¼ in. (101.6 mm).in.). It is
permitted to join the two pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated surfaces.
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete abrasion
cycles.
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 73.423 6 3.6°F (232°C (73.4 6 2°C)3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case
of dispute, condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD-8onRoofing,Waterproofing,andBituminousMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
D08.02 on Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials .
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 1998. Published January 1999. Originally published as D4977–89. Last previous edition D4977–98a.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4977–03.
2
The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes, available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test Machine andAbrasion Test Brushes) known to the committee at this time is 3M, 3M Center,
St. Paul, MN 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
----------------
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4977–03 Designation: D 4977 – 03 (Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
1
Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The adhesion is
assessed by weighing the amount of granules that are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample
of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative
analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering
exposure.
4. Apparatus
2
4.1 GranuleAdhesionTestApparatus —Amachinedesignedtocycleatestbrushbackandforthhorizontallyacrossaspecimen
1
at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush assembly rests on the specimen with a downward mass of 2268 67g(5lb 6 ⁄4
1
oz); the stroke length is 152 66mm(6 6 ⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
3
4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes containing bristles made of 0.305-mm (0.012-in.) diameter tempered steel
wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy. The design of the brush is shown in Fig. 2.
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensitivity.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction. For
shingles whose geometry does not allow a continuous 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimen, two-piece specimens are permitted.
Theminimummachinedirectiondimensionofanygivenpieceis101.6mm(4 6¼in.).Itispermittedtojointhetwopieceswith
self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated surfaces.
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete abrasion
cycles.
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case of dispute, condition
specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
6. Preparation of Apparatus
1
6.1 Insert the brush in the holder with the 38.1-mm (1 ⁄2-in.) side parallel to the stroke line.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles,Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Dec.Jan. 1, 2003.2009. Published January 2004.2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 19982003 as
D4977–98b.D4977–03.
2
The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes, available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.
2
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (3M Granule Embedding Test Machine andAbrasion Test Brushes) known to the committee at this time is 3M, 3M Center,
St. Paul, MN 55144. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 4977 – 03 (2009)
FIG. 1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus
FIG. 2 Rub Test Brush
6.2 Before using a new brush, run it a minimum of 150 cycles on scrap mineral surfaced roofing to condition the brush.
6.3 Check the bristle lengt
...
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