ASTM D4977-03

Standard Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the quality of adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a sample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine compliance with the applicable specification requirements or for comparative analysis. This test method applies to “as manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material that has had weathering exposure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard. The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2003
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.02 - Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D4977-98b - Standard Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D4977-03(2009) - Standard Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4977 – 03
Standard Test Method for
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Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by Abrasion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4977; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope manufactured” material and may not be applicable to material
that has had weathering exposure.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of granule
adhesion to mineral surfaced roofing due to abrasion.
4. Apparatus
1.2 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.
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4.1 Granule Adhesion Test Apparatus —A machine de-
The inch-pound units in parentheses are for information only.
signed to cycle a test brush back and forth horizontally across
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
a specimen at a rate of 50 cycles for 60 to 70 s. The brush
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
assemblyrestsonthespecimenwithadownwardmassof2268
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
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67g(5lb 6 ⁄4 oz); the stroke length is 152 66mm(6 6
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
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⁄4 in.). A typical machine is shown in Fig. 1.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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4.2 Abrasion Test Brush —A brush with 22 holes contain-
2. Summary of Test Method ing bristles made of 0.305-mm (0.012-in.) diameter tempered
steel wire, 40 wires per hole, set with epoxy.The design of the
2.1 A brush with bristles is used to abrade the granule
brush is shown in Fig. 2.
surface of the specimen on mineral surfaced roofing. The
4.3 Balance Minimums, 200 g capacity with 0.01 g sensi-
adhesion is assessed by weighing the amount of granules that
tivity.
are displaced and become loose as a result of the abrasion test.
5. Test Specimens
3. Significance and Use
5.1 Cut a minimum of two 50.8 by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.)
3.1 This test method is used to determine the quality of
specimens with the long dimension in the machine direction.
adhesion of the granular surfacing to the coating asphalt in a
Forshingleswhosegeometrydoesnotallowacontinuous50.8
sample of mineral surfaced roofing. The results determine
by 229-mm (2 by 9-in.) specimen, two-piece specimens are
compliance with the applicable specification requirements or
permitted. The minimum machine direction dimension of any
for comparative analysis. This test method applies to “as
given piece is 101.6 mm (4 6 ¼ in.). It is permitted to join the
two pieces with self-stick tape applied to the nongranulated
surfaces.
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ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD08onRoofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on
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Prepared Roofings, Shingles, and Siding Materials. The 3M Granule Embedding Test Machine and Abrasion Test Brushes,
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originally available from 3M, St. Paul, MN, are suitable for this purpose.
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approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D4977–98b. Use the brush specified by the test machine manufacturer.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D4977–03
FIG. 2 Rub Test Brush
NOTE 1—The test result shall be discarded if the specimen fails to
7.6 Remove the specimen from the sample holder, and
remain flat or the two pieces become separated during the 50 complete
gently tap to remove loose granules.
abrasion cycles.
7.7 Weigh the specimen to the nearest 0.01 g and record the
5.2 Condition specimens at room temperature 23 6 2°C
mass.
(73.4 6 3.6°F) for 30 min before testing. In case of dispute,
8. Calculation
condition specimen for 24 h in a desiccator.
8.1 Determine the weight in grams of granules that are
6. Preparation of Apparatus
displaced in the abrasion test as follows:
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6.1 Insertthebrushintheholderwiththe38.1-mm(1 ⁄2-in.)
weightofdisplacedgranules 5 A 2 B (1)
side parallel to the stroke line.
6.2 Before using a new brush, run it a minimum of 150
where:
cyclesonscrapmineralsurfacedroofingtoconditionthebrush.
A = weight of specimen before test, g, and
6.3 Check the bristle length. Make certain that all bristles
B = weight of specimen after test, g.
are the same length and that the plane of the bristles ends is
8.2 Average the specimen results to obtain a value for the
parallel to the plane of the specimen. The maximum length is
weight of granules displaced from the sample during the
21 9
16.5 mm ( ⁄32 in.) and minimum length is 14.5 mm ( ⁄16 in.) as
abrasion test.
measured with a steel rule having a resolution of at least 0.5
...