ASTM E791-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
Standard Test Method for Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-Determined to Different Bases
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is available to producers and users of RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to another.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E791 − 08
StandardTest Method for
Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-
1
Determined to Different Bases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
H = hydroxygen, weight %,
O = oxygen, weight %, and
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical
A = ash, weight %.
data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be
expressed on various different bases in common use. Such
3.2.2 Subscripts used in this test method are as follows:
bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
= as-determined,
ad
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
= as-received,
ar
standard.
= dry, and
d
= dry,ash-free(equivalenttomoistureandash-free,maf).
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
daf
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 4. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 This test method is available to producers and users of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
RDF to use in converting laboratory data from one basis to
another.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Applicable Parameters
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
5.1 The calculation procedures defined in 7.1.3, 7.2.2, and
7.3.2 are applicable to the following analysis parameters when
3. Terminology
expressed as a weight percent (except gross calorific value as
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
Btu/lb).
Terminology D5681.
5.1.1 Ash,
3.2 Symbols:
5.1.2 Carbon,
3.2.1 The symbols used in this test method are as follows:
5.1.3 Chloride, water-soluble,
5.1.4 Chlorine, total,
5.1.5 Calorific value (gross),
M = moisture, weight %,
5.1.6 Fixed carbon,
M = moisture as-received (total moisture), weight %,
ar
5.1.7 Nitrogen,
M = moisture as-determined (residual moisture,
ad
5.1.8 Sulfur, and
weight %,
5.1.9 Volatile matter.
ADL = air-dry loss, weight %,
P = any analysis parameter listed in 5.1, weight %
6. Sampling
(except gross calorific value in Btu/lb),
6.1 Sampling techniques are not directly applicable to this
test method. However, sampling procedures are identified in
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
the respective methods of analyses.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally 7. Methods for Calculating Data
approvedin1981.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2004asE791 – 90(2004).DOI:
7.1 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample
10.1520/E0791-08.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or basis to the as-received basis:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7.1.1 Moisture:
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. M 5 M 3 100 2 ADL /100 1ADL (1)
@ ~ ! #
ar ad
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E791 − 08
7.1.2 Hydrogen and Oxygen—Inasmuch as hydrogen and 7.3 Converting from the as-determined analysis sample
oxygen values may be reported on the basis of containing or basis to the dry, ash-free basis (see Note 1).
not containing the hydrogen and oxygen in water (moisture) 7.3.1 Hydrogen and Oxygen:
associatedwiththesample,alternateconversionproceduresare
100
H 5 H 2 0.1119M 3 (10)
defined as follows: ~ !
daf ad ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
7.1.2.1 Hydrogen and oxygen reported include hydrogen
100
and oxygen in water:
O 5 O 2 0.8881M 3 (11)
~ !
daf ad ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
100 2 M
ar
H 5 H 2 0.1119M 3 10.119M (2)
F ~ ! G
ar ad ad ar 7.3.2 Other Parameters—The following equation is appli-
100 2 M
ad
cable to all parameters, P, listed in 5.1:
100 2 M
ar
O 5 O 2 0.8881M 3 10.881M (3)
F ~ ! G
ar ad ad ar 100
100 2 M
ar
P 5 P 3 (12)
daf ad
100 2 M 2 A
ad ad
where:
NOTE 1—It may not always be practical to report some parameters on
a dry, ash-free basis due to oxidation of constituents as well as some
0.1119 = ratio of the weight of hydrogen in water to the
elements being retained in the ash. The data calculated are to a theoretical
molecular weight of water, and
base of no moisture or ash present in the sample.
0.8881 = ratio of the weight of oxyge
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E791–90 (Reapproved 2004) Designation:E791–08
Standard Test Method for
Calculating Refuse-Derived Fuel Analysis Data from As-
1
Determined to Different Bases
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed
on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others (see 2.1.12).
1.2
1.1 This test method gives equations to enable analytical data from the application of RDF analyses procedures to be expressed
on various different bases in common use. Such bases are: as-received; dry; dry, ash-free; and others.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Terminology Referenced Documents
2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
2.1.1ash—inorganic residue remaining after ignition of combustible substances, determined by definite prescribed methods.Ash
may not be identical, in composition or quantity, with the inorganic substances present in the material before ignition.
2.1.2as-determined basis—experimental data obtained from the analysis sample of RDF. These data represent the numerical
values obtained for a particular moisture or ash content, or both, in the sample at the time of measurement.
2.1.3air drying—a process of partial drying of RDF to bring its moisture content near to equilibrium with the atmosphere in
which further reduction, division, and characterization of the sample are to take place. In order to bring about this equilibrium, the
RDF is usually subjected to drying under controlled temperature conditions ranging from 30 to 40°C.
2.1.4air dry loss—the decrease in mass presumed to be moisture of a sample due to air drying.
2.1.5as-received basis—experimental data calculated to the moisture condition of the sample as it arrived in the laboratory and
before any laboratory processing or conditioning. The total moisture value that is calculated from the air dry loss and residual
moisture value is used to convert data from the dry basis to the as-received basis (see dry ash-free basis).
2.1.6dry ash-free basis—the experimental data calculated to a theoretical base of no moisture or ash associated with the sample.
Numerical values (air-dry loss, residual moisture values, and ash content) are used for converting the as-determined data to a
moisture and ash-free basis.
2.1.7dry basis—the experimental data calculated to a theoretical base of no moisture associated with the sample. The numerical
value (residual moisture value) is used for converting the as-determined data to a dry basis.
2.1.8fixed carbon—the ash-free carbonous material that remains after volatile matter is driven off during the proximate analysis
of a dry sample.
2.1.9gross calorific value (gross heat of combustion at constant volume) Q (gross)—the heat produced by combustion of a unit
v
quantity of solid fuel, at constant volume, in an oxygen bomb calorimeter under specified conditions such that all water in the
products remains in liquid form.
NOTE1—The conditions are: initial oxygen pressure of 20 to 40 atm (2 to 4 MPa), initial and final temperatures between 68 and 95°F (20 and 35°C).
NOTE2—The gross calorific value is closely related to the internal energy of combustion for the same reaction at constant standard temperature and
pressure (Dy comb.). It is of opposite sign and differs by a small amount due to energy effects resulting from compression, temperature differences, and
solution effects that vary with combustion conditions. Because of the variation of conditions allowed in Note 1, the definition of gross calorific value does
not lead to a unique value for any given fuel. However, the specified conditions limit the possible value to a narrow range for which approximate limits
can be calculated for a given fuel.
1
This test method is und
...
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