ASTM D5736-95(2001)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
Standard Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2008)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used in the trade for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate student’ t-test and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits. Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as before and after abrasion or shrinkage.
The thickness value of highloft nonwoven fabrics will vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D5729.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method describes the measurement of thickness of highloft nonwoven fabrics.
This standard is being withdrawn with no replacement because D13 no longer has the technical expertise to maintain.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles, this test method was withdrawn in October 2008.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D5736–95 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.4 thickness, n—the distance between one surface and its
opposite.
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of thick-
3.1.4.1 Discussion—In textiles, the distance between the
ness of highloft nonwoven fabrics. For thickness of nonwoven
upper and lower surfaces of the material; measured under a
fabrics other than highloft, see Test Method D 5729.
specified pressure. Thickness is usually determined as the
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
distance between an anvil, or base, and a presser foot used to
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses may be
apply the specified pressure.
approximate.
3.1.5 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
method, refer to Terminology D 123.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 The thickness of a highloft nonwoven fabric is deter-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
mined by observing the linear distance that a movable plane is
2. Referenced Documents displaced from a parallel surface by the specimen while under
a specified pressure.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5. Significance and Use
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
5.1 This test method is used in the trade for acceptance
D 1777 Test Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile
testing of commercial shipments; however, comparative tests
Materials
as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.
D 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
3 reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
D 5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics
testing of commercial shipments of nonwoven fabrics, the
3. Terminology purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to
determine if there is a statistical bias between their laborato-
3.1 Definitions:
ries. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the
3.1.1 highloft nonwoven fabric, n—a low-density fiber net-
investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should
work structure characterized by a high ratio of thickness to
take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as
mass per unit area. (Syn. highloft).
possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in
3.1.2 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in
bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, or combina-
results from the two laboratories should be compared using the
tion thereof.
appropriate student’s t-test and an acceptable probability level
3.1.3 pressure, n—the force per unit area.
chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Pressure may be expressed in any ap-
found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the
propriate or specified units, such as pascals (Pa), newtons per
purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test
square metre (N/m ), or pound-force per square inch (psi).
results with consideration to the known bias.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.90 on Executive.
Current edition approved March 31, 2005. Published September 1995.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5736–95 (2001)
TABLE 1 Number of Rolls, or Pieces, of Fabric in the Lot Sample
5.2 Thickness is one of the basic physical properties of
highloft nonwoven fabrics. In certain industrial applications, Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot, Number of Rolls, Pieces in Lot,
Inclusive Sample
the thickness may require rigid control within specified limits.
1to3 all
Bulk and warmth properties of highloft nonwoven fabrics are
4to24 4
often estimated from their thickness values, and thickness is
25 to 50 5
also useful in measuring performance characteristics, such as
over 50 10 % to a maximum of ten rolls or pieces
before and after abrasion or shrinkage.
5.3 The thickness value of highloft nonwoven fabrics will
vary considerably depending on the pressure applied to the
NOTE 2—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
specimen at the time the thickness measurement is taken. In all purchaserandsupplierrequirestakingintoaccountthevariabilitybetween
rolls or pieces of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll
cases, the apparent thickness varies inversely with the pressure
or pieces of fabric to provide a sampling plan with a meaningful
applied. For this reason, it is essential that the pressure be
producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting
specified when discussing or listing any thickness value.
quality level.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample take a
6. Apparatus
swatch extending the width of the fabric and approximately 2
6.1 Thickness Testing Gage —Having dimensions appropri-
m (2 yd) along the machine direction from each roll, or piece,
ate to the highloft nonwoven material to be tested and shall
in the lot sample. For rolls of fabric, take a sample that will
permit the gradual application of the specified pressure within
exclude fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or the inner wrap
65 %. The anvil and presser foot shall be plane and parallel
around the core.
within 0.13 mm (0.005 in.) and provided with a scale for
7.3 Test Specimens—From each laboratory sampling unit,
indicating the distance between the anvil and the presser foot,
take five specimens. Use the cutting die or template described
havingareadabilityof0.02mm(0.001in.)withanaccuracyof
in 6.2. Thickness tests may be made on laboratory sampling
at least 0.1 mm (0.005 in.). The length and width of the anvil
units without cutting providing it can be maintained in a plane
shall be at least 10 mm (0.5 in.) greater than the presser foot.
parallel to the presser foot and anvil while making measure-
The presser foot shall be 300 by 300 mm (12 by 12 in.). The
ments.
tester shall be equipped with a counter balance to balance the
7.3.1 Cut specimens representing a broad distribution
platen as specified.
within the laboratory sampling units and no nearer the edge
6.1.1 Because of the linkage ratios, the dial indicator move-
than one tenth its width. Ensure specimens are free of folds,
ment will represent a tenfold movement of the platen. For
creases, or wrinkles. Avoid getting oil, water, grease, and so
example, a reading of 0.25 mm (0.01 in.) on the dial indicator
forth, on the specimens when handling.
indicates a travel of the platen of 2.5 mm (0.1 in.). The dial
indicator is typical for measurements of thickness and includes
8. Conditioning
two indicators.The small indicator counts the revolution of the
8.1 Condition 1, Unspecified Testing Conditioning—No
large indicator pointer. A specimen whose thickness is, for
conditioning is required unless otherwise specified in a mate-
example, 90 mm (3.5 in.) will read 75 mm (3 in.) on the small
rial specification or contact order.
indicator and 13 mm (0.5 in.) on the larger indicator.
8.2 Condition 2, Standard Testing Conditioning:
6.2 Cutting Dies or Template, to cut specimens 300 by 300
8.2.1 When specified, precondition the specimens by bring-
6 2-mm (12 by 12 6 0.01-in.); dies are recommended.
ing them to the approximate moisture equilibrium in the
NOTE 1—A study of the impact
...
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