ASTM D2879-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The vapor pressure of a substance as determined by isoteniscope reflects a property of the sample as received including most volatile components, but excluding dissolved fixed gases such as air. Vapor pressure, per se, is a thermodynamic property which is dependent only upon composition and temperature for stable systems. The isoteniscope method is designed to minimize composition changes which may occur during the course of measurement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids, the vapor pressure exerted by mixtures in a closed vessel at 40 ± 5 % ullage, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is applicable to liquids that are compatible with borosilicate glass and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and 101.3 kPa (760 torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to 748 K. The temperature range may be extended to include temperatures below ambient provided a suitable constant-temperature bath for such temperatures is used.
Note 1—The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a constant-pressure distillation.
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide temperature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion of their vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following Raoult's law will show a progressive decrease in vapor pressure as the lighter component is removed, and this is vastly accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils containing traces of dewaxing solvents, etc. Such a mixture may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100 times that calculated from its average composition, and it is the closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For measurement of the apparent vapor pressure in open systems, Test Method D2878, is recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 6.10, 6.12, and Annex A2.
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Designation: D2879 − 10
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial
1
Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
pressureofpureliquids,thevaporpressureexertedbymixtures
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
in a closed vessel at 40 6 5% ullage, and the initial thermal
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
applicabletoliquidsthatarecompatiblewithborosilicateglass
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
101.3 kPa (760 torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to 748
or mercury containing products into your state or country may
K. The temperature range may be extended to include tem-
be prohibited by law.
peratures below ambient provided a suitable constant-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature bath for such temperatures is used.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
NOTE 1—The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
constant-pressure distillation.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide tem-
warning statements, see 6.10, 6.12, and Annex A2.
perature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion
of their vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following
2. Referenced Documents
Raoult’s law will show a progressive decrease in vapor
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pressureasthelightercomponentisremoved,andthisisvastly
D2878Test Method for Estimating Apparent Vapor Pres-
accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils
sures and Molecular Weights of Lubricating Oils
containing traces of dewaxing solvents, etc. Such a mixture
E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
timesthatcalculatedfromitsaveragecomposition,anditisthe
closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For
3. Terminology
measurement of the apparent vapor pressure in open systems,
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Test Method D2878, is recommended.
3.1.1 ullage—that percentage of a closed system which is
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
filled with vapor.
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Specifically, on Fig. 1, that portion of
the volume of the isoteniscope to the right of point A which is
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on filled with vapor.
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
SubcommitteeD02.L0.07onEngineeringSciencesofHighPerformanceFluidsand
2
Solids (Formally D02.1100). For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2879–97(2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D2879-10. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D2879 − 10
pressures can be extrapolated to yield approximate vapor pressures in this
range.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The vapor pressure of a substance as determined by
isoteniscope reflects a property of the sample as received
including most volatile components, but excluding dissolved
fixed gas
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D2879–97 (Reapproved 2007) Designation:D2879–10
Standard Test Method for
Vapor Pressure-Temperature Relationship and Initial
1
Decomposition Temperature of Liquids by Isoteniscope
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2879; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the vapor pressure of pure liquids, the vapor pressure exerted by mixtures in
a closed vessel at 40 6 5% ullage, and the initial thermal decomposition temperature of pure and mixed liquids. It is applicable
to liquids that are compatible with borosilicate glass and that have a vapor pressure between 133 Pa (1.0 torr) and 101.3 kPa (760
torr) at the selected test temperatures. The test method is suitable for use over the range from ambient to 748 K. The temperature
rangemaybeextendedtoincludetemperaturesbelowambientprovidedasuitableconstant-temperaturebathforsuchtemperatures
is used.
NOTE 1—The isoteniscope is a constant-volume apparatus and results obtained with it on other than pure liquids differ from those obtained in a
constant-pressure distillation.
1.2 Most petroleum products boil over a fairly wide temperature range, and this fact shall be recognized in discussion of their
vapor pressures. Even an ideal mixture following Raoult’s law will show a progressive decrease in vapor pressure as the lighter
component is removed, and this is vastly accentuated in complex mixtures such as lubricating oils containing traces of dewaxing
solvents, etc. Such a mixture may well exert a pressure in a closed vessel of as much as 100 times that calculated from its average
composition, and it is the closed vessel which is simulated by the isoteniscope. For measurement of the apparent vapor pressure
in open systems, Test Method D2878, is recommended.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.4
1.4 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.5, For specific warning statements, see 6.10, and , 6.12, andAnnex
A2.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D2878 Test Method for Estimating Apparent Vapor Pressures and Molecular Weights of Lubricating Oils
E230 Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force (EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
3. Terminology
3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard
3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.11 on
Engineering Sciences of High Performance Fluids and Solids.
´1
Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D2879–97 (2002) . DOI:
10.1520/D2879-97R07.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published October 2010. Originally approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D2879–97 (2007). DOI:
10.1520/D2879-10.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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