ASTM D7053/D7053M-17
(Guide)Standard Guide for Determining and Evaluating Causes of Water Leakage of Low-Sloped Roofs
Standard Guide for Determining and Evaluating Causes of Water Leakage of Low-Sloped Roofs
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to provide building professionals with a methodology for evaluating water leakage through low-sloped roofs. It addresses the service history of a roof, the various components of a roof, and the interaction between these components and adjacent construction. It is not intended as a construction quality control procedure, as specified in Practice D7186, nor as a preconstruction qualification procedure. It is intended for evaluating water leakage through a low-sloped roof.
4.1.1 Qualifications—Use of this guide requires a background as an architect, engineer, roof/waterproofing consultant, roofing contractor, or related profession with an understanding in building construction and the expertise in the design, installation, and maintenance of low-sloped roofs.
4.1.2 Application—The sequential activities described herein are intended to produce an evaluation program, but all activities may not be applicable or necessary for a particular evaluation program. It is the responsibility of the professional using this guide to determine the activities and sequence necessary to perform an appropriate leakage evaluation for a specific low-sloped roof on a building.
4.1.3 Preliminary Assessment—A preliminary assessment may indicate that water leakage problems are limited to a specific element or portion of a low-sloped roof. The evaluation of causes may be limited in scope, and the procedures recommended herein abridged according to the professional judgment of the investigator. A statement stipulating the limits of the investigation should be included in the report.
4.1.4 Expectations—Expectations about the overall effectiveness of an evaluation program must be reasonable, and in proportion to a defined scope of work. This guide is intended to address leakage of a low-sloped roof system, leading to conclusions that can generally be applied to similar or other locations on the roof. Since every possible location is not included in an evaluati...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating causes of water leakage in low-sloped roofs. For this purpose, water penetration is considered leakage and therefore problematic, is causing or is likely to cause premature deterioration of the roof, building or its contents, or is adversely affecting the performance of other components of the building. A roof is considered an assembly including the membrane, insulation, vapor retarder (if required), deck, and structural components.
1.1.1 This guide excludes moisture-related problems in roofs caused by condensation.
Note 1: Condensation—Moisture-related problems in roof systems may be caused by condensation of humid air originating from within the building and be incorrectly attributed to leakage from rain water. The protocol for an investigation of dampness due to condensation and is complicated, requires special expertise, and is beyond the scope of this guide. For information regarding condensation problems as they relate to roofs, refer to ASTM MNL 18,2 ASTM MNL 40,3 and ASHRAE Handbook 2005 Fundamentals.4
1.2 Investigative techniques discussed in this guide may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of the investigator to establish the limitations of use, to anticipate and advise of the destructive nature of some procedures, and to plan for repairing and selective reconstruction as necessary.
1.3 This guide does not address steep-sloped roofs, standing or flat seam metal roofs, or architectural standing seam metal roofs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7053/D7053M − 17
Standard Guide for
Determining and Evaluating Causes of Water Leakage of
1
Low-Sloped Roofs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7053/D7053M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
1.1 This guide describes methods for determining and
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
evaluating causes of water leakage in low-sloped roofs. For
with the standard.
this purpose, water penetration is considered leakage and
thereforeproblematic,iscausingorislikelytocausepremature
2. Referenced Documents
deterioration of the roof, building or its contents, or is
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
adverselyaffectingtheperformanceofothercomponentsofthe
building. A roof is considered an assembly including the C1153 Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing
Systems Using Infrared Imaging
membrane, insulation, vapor retarder (if required), deck, and
structural components. D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D7186 Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof
1.1.1 This guide excludes moisture-related problems in
roofs caused by condensation. Construction and Repair
NOTE 1—Condensation—Moisture-related problems in roof systems
3. Terminology
may be caused by condensation of humid air originating from within the
building and be incorrectly attributed to leakage from rain water. The
3.1 Refer to Terminology D1079.
protocol for an investigation of dampness due to condensation and is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
complicated, requires special expertise, and is beyond the scope of this
guide. For information regarding condensation problems as they relate to 3.2.1 condensation—the conversion of water vapor to liquid
2 3
roofs, refer to ASTM MNL 18, ASTM MNL 40, and ASHRAE
as the temperature drops or atmospheric pressure rises.
4
Handbook 2005 Fundamentals.
3.2.2 water leakage—the passage of (liquid) water through
1.2 Investigative techniques discussed in this guide may be
a material or system designed to prevent the passage of water.
intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of
the investigator to establish the limitations of use, to anticipate
4. Significance and Use
and advise of the destructive nature of some procedures, and to
4.1 This guide is intended to provide building professionals
plan for repairing and selective reconstruction as necessary.
with a methodology for evaluating water leakage through
1.3 This guide does not address steep-sloped roofs, standing
low-sloped roofs. It addresses the service history of a roof, the
or flat seam metal roofs, or architectural standing seam metal
various components of a roof, and the interaction between
roofs.
these components and adjacent construction. It is not intended
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units as a construction quality control procedure, as specified in
Practice D7186, nor as a preconstruction qualification proce-
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
dure. It is intended for evaluating water leakage through a
low-sloped roof.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and 4.1.1 Qualifications—Use of this guide requires a back-
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing
groundasanarchitect,engineer,roof/waterproofingconsultant,
Membrane Systems.
roofing contractor, or related profession with an understanding
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2017. Published January 2017. Originally
in building construction and the expertise in the design,
approvedin2007.Lastpreviousversionapprovedin2011asD7053/D7053M – 11.
DOI: 10.1520/D7053_D7053M-17.
installation, and maintenance of low-sloped roofs.
2
Treschel,H.R.,ed.,ManualonMoistureControlinBuildings,MNL18,ASTM
International, 1994.
3
Treschel, H. R., ed., Moisture Analysis and Condensation Control in Building
5
Envelopes, MNL 40, ASTM International, 2003. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
ASHRAE Handbook 2005 Fundamentals, available from American Society of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7053/D7053M − 11 D7053/D7053M − 17
Standard Guide for
Determining and Evaluating Causes of Water Leakage of
1
Low-Sloped Roofs
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7053/D7053M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide describes methods for determining and evaluating causes of water leakage in low-sloped roofs. For this purpose,
water penetration is considered leakage and therefore problematic, is causing or is likely to cause premature deterioration of the
roof, building or its contents, or is adversely affecting the performance of other components of the buildingbuilding. A roof is
considered an assembly including the membrane, insulation, vapor retarder (if required), deck, and structural components.
1.1.1 This guide excludes moisture-related problems in roofs caused by condensation.
NOTE 1—Condensation—Moisture-related problems in roof systems may be caused by condensation of humid air originating from within the building
and be incorrectly attributed to leakage from rain water. The protocol for an investigation of dampness due to condensation and is complicated, requires
special expertise, and is beyond the scope of this guide. For information regarding condensation problems as they relate to roofs, refer to ASTM MNL
2 3 4
18, ASTM MNL 40, and ASHRAE Handbook 2005 Fundamentals.
1.2 Investigative techniques discussed in this guide may be intrusive, disruptive, or destructive. It is the responsibility of the
investigator to establish the limitations of use, to anticipate and advise of the destructive nature of some procedures, and to plan
for repairing and selective reconstruction as necessary.
1.3 This guide does not address steep-sloped roofs, standing or flat seam metal roofs, or architectural standing seam metal roofs.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
5
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C1153 Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Systems Using Infrared Imaging
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D7186 Practice for Quality Assurance Observation of Roof Construction and Repair
3. Terminology
3.1 Refer to Terminology D1079.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 condensation—the conversion of water vapor to liquid as the temperature drops or atmospheric pressure rises.
3.2.2 water leakage—water that passes the passage of (liquid) water through a material or between materials in a roof system
and reaches a space that is not directly or intentionally exposed to the water source.system designed to prevent the passage of water.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing
Membrane Systems.
Current edition approved May 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2017. Published June 2011January 2017. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous version approved in 20072011 as
D7053 – 07.D7053/D7053M – 11. DOI: 10.1520/D7053_D7053M-11.10.1520/D7053_D7053M-17.
2
Treschel, H. R., ed., Manual on Moisture Control in Buildings, MNL 18, ASTM International, 1994.
3
Treschel, H. R., ed., Moisture Analysis and Condensation Control in Building Envelopes, MNL 40, ASTM International, 2003.
4
ASHRAE Handbook 2005 Fundamentals, available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie
Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, http://www.ashrae.org.
5
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D7053/D7053M − 17
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This guide is intended to provide building professionals with a methodology for evaluating water leakage through
low-
...
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