ASTM C671-94
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Critical Dilation of Concrete Specimens Subjected to Freezing (Withdrawn 2003)
Standard Test Method for Critical Dilation of Concrete Specimens Subjected to Freezing (Withdrawn 2003)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the test period of frost immunity of concrete specimens as measured by the length of time of water immersion required to produce critical dilation when subjected to a prescribed slow-freezing procedure.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: C 671 – 94
Standard Test Method for
Critical Dilation of Concrete Specimens Subjected to Freezing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 671; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope susceptibility of aggregates in concrete as described in Practice
C 682.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the test
3.3 This test method is also suitable for use by those people
period of frost immunity of concrete specimens as measured by
engaged in research and development in the field of concrete
the length of time of water immersion required to produce
durability. It is believed that a fundamental understanding of
critical dilation when subjected to a prescribed slow-freezing
length change of concrete subjected to freezing will lead to
procedure.
more durable concrete.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Cooling Bath, of sufficient size and depth to completely
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
immerse the test specimens in silicone oil or water-saturated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
kerosine (Note 1). The bath shall have a sufficient volume of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
kerosine per specimen and shall be provided with controls so as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to permit lowering its temperature and that of the test speci-
2. Referenced Documents mens uniformly from 1.7 to − 9.4°C (35 to 15°F) at the rate of
2.8 6 0.5°C/h (5 6 1°F/h). Suitable bath temperature record-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ing facilities shall be provided.
C 192 Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Speci-
mens in the Laboratory
NOTE 1—Very little water is required to saturate kerosine. Excess water
C 490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for Determination of
should be avoided as it will form ice crystals in the bath. As an alternative
to kerosine, the use of silicone oil may be preferable to reduce odors and
Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
fire hazards.
Concrete
C 682 Practice for Evaluation of Frost Resistance of Coarse
4.2 Constant-Temperature Water Bath— A refrigerated wa-
Aggregates in Air Entrained Concrete by Critical Dilation
ter bath capable of containing the specimens completely
Procedures
immersed, and equipped with control facilities capable of
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
maintaining the temperature of the specimens at 1.7 6 0.9°C
Adjunct C 671 Two detailed drawings of a strain frame, 1
(35 6 2°F) before and between test cycles.
drawing of gage point installation, and a table of metric
4.3 Strain-Measuring and Recording Facilities, (Note 2)
equivalents.
and a supply of strain frames to support the specimens in the
cooling bath and to provide alignment for the strain-measuring
3. Significance and Use
apparatus (Fig. 1). The strain-measuring apparatus shall have
3.1 This test method is suitable for ranking concretes
a capability for measuring 2 millionths or less.
according to their resistance to freezing and thawing for
NOTE 2—Linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) with the
defined curing and conditioning procedures. The significance
appropriate associated electronic actuating and indicating apparatus ap-
of the results in terms of potential field performance will
pear to give the best results with respect to stability, sensitivity, and
depend upon the degree to which field conditions can be
reliability. Multichannel recording of outputs has been found to be
expected to correlate with those employed in the laboratory. practical and efficient (see Fig. 2). As an alternate to the recording
apparatus shown in Fig. 2, a data logger can be used to excite the LVDT
3.2 This test method is suitable for estimating the frost
and record the LVDT both temperature and time outputs. The data can be
stored directly in a personal computer for graphing of test results.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-9 on Concrete
4.4 Room or Cabinet, for storing specimens at the desired
and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.67on
temperature and relative humidity with provision for constant
Resistance of Concrete to Its Environment.
Current edition approved May 15, 1994. Published July 1994. Originally
circulation of air in the immediate vicinity of the specimens.
published as C 671 – 71 T. Last previous edition C 671 – 86.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
4 5
Available from ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Consho- A suitable data logger is manufactured by Campbell Scientific Inc., Model 21X,
hocken, PA 19428. Request ADJC0671. P.O. Box 551, Logan, Utah 84321.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 671
NOTE 1—The drawings in Adjunct C 671 show an experimental setup slightly different from this one.
FIG. 1 Specimen Positioned in Strain Frame
4.5 Miscellaneous Equipment—Specimen molds and appa- 5.2 Test specimens may also be cores, cubes, or prisms cut
ratus specified in applicable sections of Practice C 192. from hardened concrete. If so, the specimens should not be
allowed to dry to a moisture condition below that of the
5. Test Specimens
structure from which they were taken. This may be accom-
5.1 Test specimens shall be concrete cylinders mixed,
plished by wrapping the specimens in plastic or by other
molded, and cured as prescribed in Practice C 192. Specimens
suitable means.
shall be 75 mm (3 in.) in diameter by 150 mm (6 in.) high and
6. Calibration
shall be fitted with axially centered stainless steel gage plugs in
both top and bottom. Gage studs shall conform to requirements 6.1 Each strain frame and strain-measuring apparatus shall
of Practice C 490. Other sizes and shapes of specimens may be be calibrated using an invar bar with known thermal expansion
used at some expense of efficiency and convenience. A 1:3 characteristics.
ratio of aggregate to specimen size should be preserved, 6.2 With the invar bar in the strain frame, cool the apparatus
however. Comparison of concretes must be made on the as described in 8.2 and record the strain with change in
specimens of the same size. temperature.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
C 671
NOTE 1—Stainless steel gage plugs cast in concrete specimen top and bottom.
NOTE 2—Refrigeration is on continuously. Heaters controlled by signal comparer maintain desired temperature at all times.
NOTE 3—The drawings in Adjunct C 671 show an experimental setup slightly different from this one.
FIG. 2 Schematic of Length and Temperature Measuring System
6.3 Calculate the best fit line for the length change- tion of specimen conditioning.
temperature decrease.
8.2 Test Cycle—The test cycle shall consist of cooling the
specimens in silicone oil or water-saturated kerosine from 1.7
7. Curing and Conditioning
to − 9.4°C (35 to 15°F) at the rate of
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