ASTM E1266-88(1999)

Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides descriptions and references of existing test methods and commercial practices relating to the processing of lime, fly ash, and heavy metal wastes in construction applications.
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Sep-1999
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM E1266-88(2005) - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1999
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 10-Sep-1999

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:E1266–88(Reapproved1999)
Standard Practice for
Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal
Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
C911 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
1.1 This practice provides descriptions and references of
Limestone for Chemical Uses
existing test methods and commercial practices relating to the
C 977 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
processing of lime, fly ash, and heavy metal wastes in
Soil Stabilization
construction applications.
D 559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Soil-Cement Mixtures
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Soil-Cement Mixtures
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction Character-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
isticsofSoilUsingModifiedEffort(56,000ft-lbf/ft (2,700
2. Referenced Documents kN-m/m ))
D 1633 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Molded
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Soil-Cement Cylinders
C5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes
D 2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
C25 Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
(Constant Head)
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
D 2435 Test Method for One-Dimensional Consolidation
C 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic
Properties of Soils
Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)
D 3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
D 3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste
C 206 Specification for Finishing Hydrated Lime
with Water
C 207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
D 4318 Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
poses
Plasticity Index of Soils
C311 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
E 850 Practice for Use of Inorganic Process Wastes as
Natural Pozzolans for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
Structural Fill
Portland Cement Concrete
2.2 Environmental Protection Agency Documents:
C 400 Test Method for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
EPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
Neutralization of Waste Acid
EPA/SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste
C 593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for
EPA Method 1310 Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity Test
Use with Lime
Method and Structural Integrity Test
C 618 Specification for Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
EPA/SW-872 Properties of Stabilized/Solidified Waste
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
RCRADocument EPA-IAG-D4-0569 Guide to the Disposal
Portland Cement Concrete
of Chemically Stabilized and Solidified Waste
Solvents
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03.03 on
Industrial Recovery and Reuse. Documents 12/18/78, 9/13/79, 5/26/82, 7/26/82, and 4/4/83, available from
Current edition approved Oct. 12, 1988. Published November 1988. Federal Register U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Washington, DC 20402.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government Printing
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Office.
the ASTM website. Amendments available from Federal Register.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E1266–88 (1999)
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) 3.1.8 solidification—a binding physical and chemical treat-
Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquid Test (PFLT) ment process that transforms materials containing free liquids
EPA/530-SW-85-0031 PetitionstoDelistHazardousWaste: into a solid, soil-like, or clayey material. This solid material
A Guidance Manual, NTIS: PB 85-194488 can be a monolithic block with structural integrity.
EPA/530-SW-86-008 OWSER Policy Directive No. 3.1.9 stabilization—a treatment process that involves both a
9527.00-1A, Guidance Manual for Research, Develop- physical and chemical reaction for treating heavy metal waste.
ment, and Demonstration Permits Under 40 CFR 270.65 Heavy metal wastes are considered stabilized when they meet
EPA/530-SW-86-016 OWSER Policy Directive No. current applicable regulatory requirements.
9487.00-2A, Prohibition on the Placement of Bulk Liquid 3.1.10 structural landfill—man-made earth work meeting
Hazardous Waste in Landfills engineered practices and structural requirements. The fill must
EPA/540-2-86-001 Handbook for Stabilization/ also be environmentally acceptable and meet EPA require-
Solidification of Hazardous Waste, Superfund Document ments. (See 40 CFR 268.)
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
40 CFR 264 Subpart B, section 264.13, Hazardous Waste 4. Significance and Use
Management System, Land Disposal Restrictions, Pro-
4.1 This practice provides users with current methods for
posed Rule, Dec. 11, 1988
preconditioning, handling, processing, and means of character-
40 CFR 268 Hazardous Waste Management System; Land
izing the materials that are produced.
Disposal Restrictions; and California List Constituents
4.2 Lime and fly ash, and mixtures of lime and fly ash can
2.4 Department of the Interior Document:
be useful for treating hazardous and nonhazardous waste as
U.S. Department of the Interior Earth Manual (Section
follows:
Edition), 1974
4.2.1 Treating hazardous waste for potential resource recov-
2.5 Corps of Engineers Document:
ery application,
1110-2-1906 Permeability of Fine Materials, Falling Head
4.2.2 Solidifying liquids and sludges that are banned from
Aug. 12, 1987.
land disposal because of excess free liquid content,
4.2.3 Treating hazardous waste that may require treatment
3. Terminology
because of hazardous constituents prior to land disposal, and,
3.1 Definitions:
4.2.4 Treating hazardous waste for potential delisting to a
3.1.1 fly ash—finely sized ash generated from combustion
nonhazardous waste status. Each one of these applications,
of pulverized coal. Descriptions and types are listed in Speci-
however, must comply with requirements of the Resource
fications C 593 and C 618.
Recovery and Conservation Act and the Hazardous and Solid
3.1.2 heavy metal wastes—industrial wastes containing
Waste Amendments .
heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, barium,
lead, silver, selenium, and mercury; these wastes are generally
5. Properties and Uses of Materials Applicable to the
liquids, sludges, or filter cakes.
Practice
3.1.3 Heavy metal wastes may also contain small amounts
5.1 Commercial Lime— The following are properties and
of organic compounds. Special provisions are referenced to
uses of commercial lime.
accommodate this class of material as stated in 8.4.
5.1.1 Neutralizes acids;
3.1.4 lime—a commercial product derived from the calci-
5.1.2 Precipitates and reduces the solubilities of heavy
nation of high calcium or dolomitic limestone. A number of
metals;
ASTM standards relating to lime are given in 2.1.
5.1.3 Provides high absorption rates of aqueous and non-
3.1.5 monolithic mass—a mass that has good dimensional
aqueous liquids;
stability, to freezing and thawing resistance, low permeability,
5.1.4 Solidifies and hardens a number of inorganic waste
a high bearing capacity, and resistance to attack by biological
sludges;
agents. The EPA states that an end product such as this could
5.1.5 Reacts chemically with soils, particularly clays, and
beusedasafoundationforbuildingsorroads,orsimplyburied
thereby reduces plasticity; improves dimensional stability; and
and covered over in a landfill (EPA/SW-872).
develops and controls structural applications;
3.1.6 resource application—use of stabilized products in
5.1.6 Develops cements when mixed with natural poz-
specific areas such as earth liners, foundations, road base,
zolans, such as diatomaceous earth, cherts, shales, volcanic
backfills, embankments, earth dams, etc.
ash, and also fly ash formed in the combustion of pulverized
3.1.7 resource structural products—structural products pro-
coal; and
duced by lime, fly ash, and heavy metal waste; examples are
5.1.7 Capable of increasing pH of heavy metal waste.
block, brick, aggregates, gabions, and miscellaneous structural
5.2 Pulverized Coal Fly Ash—The following are properties
shapes.
and uses of pulverized coal fly ash.
5.2.1 Serves as a filler in the treatment of liquid waste;
5.2.2 Provides siliceous glass that reacts with lime to form
Available from Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, Code
cementitious compounds (tobermorites);
D/7923A, P.O. Box 25007, Denver, CO 80225.
5.2.3 Provides aluminous glass which reacts with lime and
Available from Department of theArmy, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, Public
Depot, 2803 52nd Ave., Hyattsville, MD 20781. sulfates to form cementitious compounds (ettri
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