ASTM E1266-88(2005)

Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides users with current methods for preconditioning, handling, processing, and means of characterizing the materials that are produced.
Lime and fly ash, and mixtures of lime and fly ash can be useful for treating hazardous and nonhazardous waste as follows:  
4.2.1 Treating hazardous waste for potential resource recovery application,
4.2.2 Solidifying liquids and sludges that are banned from land disposal because of excess free liquid content,
4.2.3 Treating hazardous waste that may require treatment because of hazardous constituents prior to land disposal, and,
4.2.4 Treating hazardous waste for potential delisting to a nonhazardous waste status. Each one of these applications, however, must comply with requirements of the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act and the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments .
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides descriptions and references of existing test methods and commercial practices relating to the processing of lime, fly ash, and heavy metal wastes in construction applications.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2005
• ICS: 91.100.15 - Mineral materials and products
• Technical Committee: D34 - Waste Management
• Drafting Committee: D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1266-88(1999) - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM E1266-12 - Standard Practice for Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction Applications
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5759-12(2020) - Standard Guide for Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Clean Coal Combustion Fly Ash for Potential Uses
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1266 − 88 (Reapproved 2005)
StandardPractice for
Processing Mixtures of Lime, Fly Ash, and Heavy Metal
Wastes in Structural Fills and Other Construction
Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1266; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C821 Specification for Lime for Use with Pozzolans
1.1 This practice provides descriptions and references of
C911 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, and
existing test methods and commercial practices relating to the
Limestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial Uses
processing of lime, fly ash, and heavy metal wastes in
C977 Specification for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
construction applications.
Soil Stabilization
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D559 Test Methods for Wetting and Drying Compacted
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3
Soil-Cement Mixtures (Withdrawn 2012)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D560 Test Methods for Freezing and Thawing Compacted
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3
Soil-Cement Mixtures (Withdrawn 2012)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-
istics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft
2. Referenced Documents
(2,700 kN-m/m ))
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded
C5 Specification for Quicklime for Structural Purposes
Soil-Cement Cylinders
C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,
D2434 Test Method for Permeability of Granular Soils
Quicklime, and Hydrated Lime
(Constant Head)
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
D2435 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Properties of Soils Using Incremental Loading
Specimens)
D3877 Test Methods for One-Dimensional Expansion,
C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,
Shrinkage, and Uplift Pressure of Soil-Lime Mixtures
Hydrated Lime, and Limestone
D3987 Test Method for Shake Extraction of Solid Waste
C206 Specification for Finishing Hydrated Lime
with Water
C207 Specification for Hydrated Lime for Masonry Pur-
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and
poses
Plasticity Index of Soils
C311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or
E850 Guide for Characterization of Inorganic Process
Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete
Wastes for Use as Structural Fill
C400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime for
2.2 Environmental Protection Agency Documents:
Neutralization of Waste Acid
EPA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
C593 Specification for FlyAsh and Other Pozzolans for Use 5
EPA/SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluation of Solid Waste
With Lime for Soil Stabilization
EPA Method 1310 Extraction Procedure (EP) Toxicity Test
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined 5
Method and Structural Integrity Test
EPA/SW-872 Properties of Stabilized/Solidified Waste
RCRADocument EPA-IAG-D4-0569 Guide to the Disposal
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originally The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E1266-88(1999). DOI: www.astm.org.
10.1520/E1266-88R05. Documents 12/18/78, 9/13/79, 5/26/82, 7/26/82, and 4/4/83, available from
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Federal Register U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Washington, DC 20402.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Government Printing
the ASTM website. Office.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E1266 − 88 (Reapproved 2005)
of Chemically Stabilized and Solidified Waste 3.1.7 resource structural products—structural products pro-
Solvents duced by lime, fly ash, and heavy metal waste; examples are
Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) block, brick, aggregates, gabions, and miscellaneous structural
Method 9095 Paint Filter Liquid Test (PFLT) shapes.
EPA/530-SW-85-0031 Petitions to Delist Hazardous Waste:
3.1.8 solidification—a binding physical and chemical treat-
A Guidance Manual, NTIS: PB 85-194488
ment process that transforms materials containing free liquids
EPA/530-SW-86-008 OWSER Policy Directive No.
into a solid, soil-like, or clayey material. This solid material
9527.00-1A, Guidance Manual for Research,
can be a monolithic block with structural integrity.
Development, and Demonstration Permits Under 40 CFR
3.1.9 stabilization—a treatment process that involves both a
270.65
physical and chemical reaction for treating heavy metal waste.
EPA/530-SW-86-016 OWSER Policy Directive No.
Heavy metal wastes are considered stabilized when they meet
9487.00-2A, Prohibition on the Placement of Bulk Liquid
current applicable regulatory requirements.
Hazardous Waste in Landfills
3.1.10 structural landfill—man-made earth work meeting
EPA/540-2-86-001 Handbook for Stabilization/
engineered practices and structural requirements. The fill must
Solidification of Hazardous Waste, Superfund Document
also be environmentally acceptable and meet EPA require-
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
ments. (See 40 CFR 268.)
40 CFR 264 Subpart B, section 264.13, Hazardous Waste
Management System, Land Disposal Restrictions, Pro-
4. Significance and Use
posed Rule, Dec. 11, 1988
4.1 This practice provides users with current methods for
40 CFR 268 Hazardous Waste Management System; Land
preconditioning, handling, processing, and means of character-
Disposal Restrictions; and California List Constituents
izing the materials that are produced.
2.4 Department of the Interior Document:
U.S. Department of the Interior Earth Manual (Section
4.2 Lime and fly ash, and mixtures of lime and fly ash can
Edition), 1974
be useful for treating hazardous and nonhazardous waste as
2.5 Corps of Engineers Document:
follows:
1110-2-1906 Permeability of Fine Materials, Falling Head
4.2.1 Treating hazardous waste for potential resource recov-
Aug. 12, 1987.
ery application,
4.2.2 Solidifying liquids and sludges that are banned from
3. Terminology
land disposal because of excess free liquid content,
3.1 Definitions:
4.2.3 Treating hazardous waste that may require treatment
3.1.1 fly ash—finely sized ash generated from combustion
because of hazardous constituents prior to land disposal, and,
of pulverized coal. Descriptions and types are listed in Speci-
4.2.4 Treating hazardous waste for potential delisting to a
fications C593 and C618.
nonhazardous waste status. Each one of these applications,
however, must comply with requirements of the Resource
3.1.2 heavy metal wastes—industrial wastes containing
Recovery and Conservation Act and the Hazardous and Solid
heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, barium,
Waste Amendments .
lead, silver, selenium, and mercury; these wastes are generally
liquids, sludges, or filter cakes.
5. Properties and Uses of Materials Applicable to the
3.1.3 Heavy metal wastes may also contain small amounts
Practice
of organic compounds. Special provisions are referenced to
5.1 Commercial Lime— The following are properties and
accommodate this class of material as stated in 8.4.
uses of commercial lime.
3.1.4 lime—a commercial product derived from the calcina-
5.1.1 Neutralizes acids;
tion of high calcium or dolomitic limestone. A number of
5.1.2 Precipitates and reduces the solubilities of heavy
ASTM standards relating to lime are given in 2.1.
metals;
3.1.5 monolithic mass—a mass that has good dimensional
5.1.3 Provides high absorption rates of aqueous and non-
stability, to freezing and thawing resistance, low permeability,
aqueous liquids;
a high bearing capacity, and resistance to attack by biological
5.1.4 Solidifies and hardens a number of inorganic waste
agents. The EPA states that an end product such as this could
sludges;
beusedasafoundationforbuildingsorroads,orsimplyburied
5.1.5 Reacts chemically with soils, particularly clays, and
and covered over in a landfill (EPA/SW-872).
thereby reduces plasticity; improves dimensional stability; and
3.1.6 resource application—use of stabilized products in
develops and controls structural applications;
specific areas such as earth liners, foundations, road base,
5.1.6 Develops cements when mixed with natural
backfills, embankments, earth dams, etc.
pozzolans, such as diatomaceous earth, cherts, shales, volcanic
ash, and also fly ash formed in the combustion of pulverized
coal; and
Amendments available from Federal Register.
Available from Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the Interior, Code 5.1.7 Capable of increasing pH of heavy metal waste.
D/7923A, P.O. Box 25007, Denver, CO 80225.
5.2 Pulverized Coal Fly Ash—The following are properties
Available from Department of theArmy, U.S.Army Corps of Engineers, Public
Depot, 2803 52nd Ave., Hyattsville, MD 20781. and uses of pulverized coal fly ash.
E1266 − 88 (Reapproved 2005)
5.2.1 Serves as a filler in the treatment of liquid waste; for delisting of a hazardous waste could requ
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