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ASTM A356/A356M-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stainless steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5) shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A356/A356M-98(2003) - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM A356/A356M-05 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
Effective Date
01-Mar-2005
Referred By
ASTM E8/E8M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM A356/A356M-04 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam TurbinesASTM A356/A356M-04 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
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ASTM A356/A356M-04 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel, Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A 356/A 356M – 04
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Carbon, Low Alloy, and Stainless Steel,
1
Heavy-Walled for Steam Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA356/A356M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* [51 mm] in Thickness
E 709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Examination
1.1 This specification covers one grade of martensitic stain-
2.2 Manufacturers’ Standardization Society of the Valve
less steel and several grades of ferritic steel castings for
4
and Fitting Industry Standard:
cylinders (shells), valve chests, throttle valves, and other
SP-55 Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves,
heavy-walled castings for steam turbine applications.
Flanges, and Fittings and Other Piping Components (Vi-
1.2 Optional supplementary requirements (S1 through S5)
sual Method)
shall apply as selected by and specified by the purchaser.
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
3. Classification
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1 The castings are furnished in the grades shown in Table
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
1.
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
4. Ordering Information
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
4.1 Orders for material to this specification should include
cation.
the following information:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
2. Referenced Documents
2
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
casting drawing),
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for MechanicalTesting
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
of Steel Products
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
A 488/A 488M Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Quali-
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired, including
fications of Procedures and Personnel
the standards of acceptance.
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Examination
E 125 Reference Photographs for Magnetic Particle Indica-
5. Melting Process
tions on Ferrous Castings
5.1 The steel shall be made by the open-hearth or electric-
E 142 Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic
furnace process.
3
Testing
5.2 Deoxidation Practice:
E 165 Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination
5.2.1 Deoxidation of the carbon and low-alloy steel grades
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4
shall be by manganese and silicon. Furnace or ladle deoxida-
1
⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm]) Steel Castings
tion with other agents is permissible with the approval of the
1
E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (4 ⁄2 to
purchaser.
12-in. [114 to 305-mm]) Steel Castings
5.2.2 The purchaser may specify that no aluminum be
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in.
added.
5.2.3 Vacuum deoxidation is acceptable. The specific
method shall be subject to approval by the purchaser.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel, and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 6. Heat Treatment
A01.18 on Castings.
6.1 Preliminary Heat Treatment—The castings may receive
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
such preliminary heat treatment as the founder may elect to
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as A 356/A 356M – 98
(2003).
employ.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4
the ASTM website. AvailablefromManufacturersStandardizationSocietyoftheValveandFittings
3
Withdrawn. Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A 356/A 356M – 04
2
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Grade Material Phosphorus,
Carbon Manganese Silicon Sulfur, max Molybdenum Chromium Nickel Vanadium Columbium Nitrogen Aluminum
max
A A
1 carbon steel 0.35 max 0.70 max 0.60max 0.035 0.030 . . . . . . .
A A
1
2 ⁄2 % molybdenum 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.45-0.65 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A A
1 1
5 ⁄2 % chromium, ⁄2 % 0.25 max 0.70 max 0.60 max 0.035 0.030 0.40-0.60 0.40-0.70 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
molybdenum
1 1
61 ⁄4 % chromium, ⁄2 %
...

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This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
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Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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