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ASTM D1836-07(2021)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes

Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes

ABSTRACT
This specification covers commercial hexanes used in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations. The commercial hexanes should conform to the specified requirements for aniline point, apparent specific gravity, bromine index, color Pt-Co, distillation range, kauri-butanol value, nonvolatile matter content, odor, sulfur content, and benzene content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the range of products commonly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the preparation of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various kinds of extraction operations.  
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
30-Jun-2021
ICS
71.080.10 - Aliphatic hydrocarbons
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.35 - Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D156-23 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Oct-2023
Refers
ASTM D2710-20 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
01-May-2020
Refers
ASTM D2710-09(2013) - Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
01-Oct-2013
Refers
ASTM D156-12 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Refers
ASTM D1078-11 - Standard Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids
Effective Date
15-Nov-2011
Refers
ASTM D1133-10 - Standard Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon Solvents
Effective Date
01-Dec-2010
Refers
ASTM D5386-10 - Standard Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus Colorimetry
Effective Date
01-Jan-2010
Refers
ASTM D2710-09 - Standard Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Electrometric Titration
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Refers
ASTM D1353-09 - Standard Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Solvents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Refers
ASTM D1133-09 - Standard Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocarbon Solvents
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Refers
ASTM E29-08 - Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
Effective Date
01-Oct-2008
Refers
ASTM D156-07a - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Refers
ASTM D611-07 - Standard Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
Effective Date
01-Nov-2007
Refers
ASTM D156-07 - Standard Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)
Effective Date
15-Jul-2007
Refers
ASTM D1296-01(2007) - Standard Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and Diluents
Effective Date
01-Jun-2007

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ASTM D1836-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Commercial HexanesASTM D1836-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes
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ASTM D1836-07(2021) - Standard Specification for Commercial Hexanes
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1836 −07 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
Commercial Hexanes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1836; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and
Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related
1.1 This specification covers the range of products com-
Coatings and Material (Withdrawn 2021)
monly referred to as hexanes, which find uses in the prepara-
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
tion of adhesives, coatings, and printing inks, as raw materials
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
in chemical synthesis operations, and as solvents in various
D1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile Or-
kinds of extraction operations.
ganic Liquids
1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this
D1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this
bon Solvents
standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be
D1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-
rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit
Cobalt Scale)
used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with
D1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents and
the rounding-off method of Practice E29. 3
Diluents (Withdrawn 2021)
D1353 Test Method for Nonvolatile Matter in Volatile Sol-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this vents for Use in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related
Products
standard.
D2710 Test Method for Bromine Index of Petroleum Hydro-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
carbons by Electrometric Titration
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
lometry
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D4367 Test Method for Benzene in Hydrocarbon Solvents
1.5 For specific hazard information and guidance consult
by Gas Chromatography (Withdrawn 2021)
supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet.
D5386 Test Method for Color of Liquids Using Tristimulus
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
Colorimetry
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Determine Conformance with Specifications
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
2.2 U.S. Federal Specification:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
PPP-C-2020 Chemicals, Liquid, Dry, and Paste: Packaging
of
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3. Properties
D156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products
3.1 Commercial hexanes shall conform to the following
(Saybolt Chromometer Method)
requirements:
Aniline point, min 57 °C
Apparent specific gravity
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
15.6/15.6 °C 0.660–0.686
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Bromine index, max 100
Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates.
Current edition approved July 1, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1836 – 07 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D1836-07R21. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
For referenced ASTM sta
...

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ABSTRACT
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SCOPE
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ASTM D7061-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring n-Heptane Induced Phase Separation of Asphaltene-Containing Heavy Fuel Oils as Separability Number by an Optical Scanning Device

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5.1 This procedure describes a rapid and sensitive method for estimating the stability reserve of an oil. The stability reserve is estimated in terms of a separability number, where a low value of the separability number indicates that there is a stability reserve within the oil. When the separability number is between 0 to 5, the oil can be considered to have a high stability reserve and asphaltenes are not likely to flocculate. If the separability number is between 5 to 10, the stability reserve in the oil will be much lower. However, asphaltenes are, in this case, not likely to flocculate as long as the oil is not exposed to any worse conditions, such as storing, aging, and heating. If the separability number is above 10, the stability reserve of the oil is very low and asphaltenes will easily flocculate, or have already started to flocculate.  
5.2 This test method can be used by refiners and users of oils, for which this test method is applicable, to estimate the stability reserves of their oils. Hence, this test method can be used by refineries to control and optimize their refinery processes. Consumers of oils can use this test method to estimate the stability reserve of their oils before, during, and after storage.
FIG. 1 Schematic Representation of a Typical Measurement Using an Optical Scanning Device  
5.3 This test method is not intended for predicting whether oils are compatible before mixing, but can be used for determining the separability number of already blended oils. However, oils that show a low separability number are more likely to be compatible with other oils than are oils with high separability numbers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative measurement, either in the laboratory or in the field, of how easily asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils diluted in toluene phase separate upon addition of heptane. This is measured as a separability number (%) by the use of an optical scanning device.  
1.2 The test method is limited to asphaltene-containing heavy fuel oils. ASTM specification fuels that generally fall within the scope of this test method are Specification D396, Grade Nos. 4, 5, and 6, Specification D975, Grade No. 4-D, and Specification D2880, Grade Nos. 3-GT and 4-GT. Refinery fractions from which such blended fuels are made also fall within the scope of this test method.  
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ASTM D7266-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in Table 1 and for use as an internal quality control tool where cyclohexane is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving cyclohexane.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the purity of cyclohexane by gas chromatography.  
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5.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications on the materials referenced in Table 1 and for use as an internal quality control tool where cyclohexane is produced or is used in a manufacturing process. It may also be used in development or research work involving cyclohexane.  
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4.1 Due to the inherent danger of peroxides in butadiene, specification limits are usually set for their presence. This test method will provide values that can be used to determine the peroxide content of a sample of commercial butadiene.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peroxides in butadiene.  
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5.1 High-purity propylene is required as a feedstock for various manufacturing processes, and the presence of trace amounts of certain hydrocarbon impurities may have adverse effects on yield or catalyst life. This test method is suitable for use as a benchmark in setting commercial specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work.
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4.1 The trace hydrocarbon compounds listed can have an effect in the commercial use of butadiene. This test method is suitable for use in process quality control and in setting specifications.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of butadiene-1,3 purity and impurities such as propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutylene, propadiene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, butadiene-1,2, pentadiene-1,4, and, methyl, dimethyl, ethyl, and vinyl acetylene in polymerization grade butadiene by gas chromatography. Impurities including butadiene dimer, carbonyls, inhibitor, and residue are measured by appropriate ASTM procedures and the results used to normalize the component distribution obtained by chromatography.  
Note 1: Other impurities present in commercial butadiene must be calibrated and analyzed. Other impurities were not tested in the cooperative work on this test method.
Note 2: This test method can be used to check for pentadiene-1,4 and other C5s instead of Test Method D1088.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 6.1 and 9.3.  
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ASTM D6805-02(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Infrared (IR) Procedure for Determination of Aromatic/ Aliphatic Ratio of Bituminous Emulsions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The results of this practice may be used to distinguish tar-based emulsion from an asphalt-based emulsion for specification compliance purposes.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice uses infrared analytical techniques to qualitatively determine in the laboratory a ratio of aromatic absorbance to aliphatic absorbance. This practice may be used to determine if the bitumen in the emulsion is predominantly aromatic or aliphatic in nature.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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