ASTM E1753-13
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This technique is applicable to dry paint films and varnishes in a variety of forms including the intact dry paint film surface, a notched or other angular cut surface that exposes a cross section of all paint layers, a paint chip, and ground paint film.
5.2 The response of the spot test method varies depending on the extractability of lead from a coating matrix, which may differ depending on the test kit used, the coating type tested, and the type of lead pigment (3).
5.3 In some situations, metals and other chemical species interfere with the spot tests causing false negative or false positive results (see Section 8).
5.4 A spot test result may be used as a negative screen for the presence of lead in paints and varnishes provided the response of the test kit is sensitive to detecting lead reliably at a given predetermined level, for example, a federal or state regulated abatement action level (4).
5.5 This practice may be used in conjunction with quantitative analytical methods for lead such as portable X-ray fluorescence, anodic stripping voltammetry, or fixed-site laboratory analysis of paint chip samples.
5.6 Colorblind individuals (protanomalous viewers) who are deficient in viewing red colors may have difficulty in discerning the pink or red color of a positive rhodizonate test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E1753 − 13
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative
result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheuseofcommercialspottestkits
test specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a
based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
regulated federal or state abatement action level.
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative proce-
change within a specified time limit, usually within a few
dure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
minutes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film
limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and
removed from the substrate.
rhodizonatetoallowtheusertochoosetheappropriatespottest
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic
for a given circumstance.
colorchangewithinaspecifiedtimelimit,usuallywithinafew
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
minutes,althoughspecificproceduresforsometestkitsinclude
not part of mandatory requirements.
observing the characteristic color change after an overnight
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
waiting period.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3
surface or paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1).
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.6.1 Discussion—A characteristic color change of the
reagent from yellow/orange to pink or red indicates the
2. Referenced Documents
presence of lead above the level of detection of the test kit.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection,theuseof
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
a dilute solution of sulfide ion to test a painted surface or paint
chip for the qualitative presence of lead (2).
3. Terminology
3.2.7.1 Discussion—A characteristic color change of the
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do reagent from colorless to grey or black indicates the presence
not appear here, refer to Terminology E1605. of lead above the level of detection of the spot test.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4. Summary of Practice
3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film
4.1 A dry paint film sample (a painted surface, paint chip,
removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is
ground paint powder, or core sample) is tested for lead
designed to remove a specified area (for example, a square
qualitatively through the use of a spot test. Spot tests kits are
centimetre) of dry paint film.
2+
based on the reaction of Lead II (Pb ) ion with either sulfide
2− 2−
ion (S ) or rhodizonate ion [C O ], resulting in the charac-
6 6
teristic color change (See 3.2.6 and 3.2.7).
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
4.1.1 Prior to performing the spot test, the dry paint film
manceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.23onLead
Hazards Associated with Buildings. surfaceisfirstcleaned.Exceptforsurfacetests,thefilmisthen
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2013. Published February 2013. Originally
prepared by either cutting a notch or an angular cut in situ or
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1753–04. DOI:
by removing a paint chip or core sample.
10.1520/E1753-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1753 − 13
4.1.2 The test is performed by applying the spot test 6.3.5 Magnifying Glass (at least 4× power).
reagents(directlyorwiththeuseofanadsorben
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1753 − 04 E1753 − 13
Standard Practice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate
to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1605 Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
E1828 Practice for Evaluating the Performance Characteristics of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Lead in Paint
3
(Withdrawn 2010)
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do not appear here, refer to Terminology E1605.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is designed to
remove a specified area (for example, a square centimetre) of dry paint film.
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the test
specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a regulated federal or state abatement action level.
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes.
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film removed from the substrate.
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic color change within a specified time limit, usually within a few minutes,
although specific procedures for some test kits include observing the characteristic color change after an overnight waiting period.
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted surface
3
or paint chip for the qualitative presence of lead (1). A characteristic color change of the reagent from yellow/orange to pink or
red indicates the presence of lead above the level of detection of the test kit.
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Performance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.23 on Lead Hazards
Associated with Buildings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004Jan. 1, 2013. Published December 2004February 2013. Originally approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 20012004
as E1753 – 01.E1753 – 04. DOI: 10.1520/E1753-04.10.1520/E1753-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
3
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this practice.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1753 − 13
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection, the use of a dilute solution of sulfide ion to test a painted surface or paint chip
for the qualitative presence of lead (2). A characteristic color change of the reagent from colorless to grey or black indicates the
presence of lead above the level of detection of the spot test.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A dry paint film sample (a painted surface, paint chip, ground paint powder, or core sample) is tested for lead qualitatively
2+ 2−
th
...
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