ASTM E1753-04
(Practice)Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
Standard Practice for Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of Lead in Dry Paint Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This technique is applicable to dry paint films and varnishes in a variety of forms including the intact dry paint film surface, a notched or other angular cut surface that exposes a cross section of all paint layers, a paint chip, and ground paint film.
The response of the spot test method varies depending on the extractability of lead from a coating matrix, which may differ depending on the test kit used, the coating type tested, and the type of lead pigment (3).
In some situations, metals and other chemical species interfere with the spot tests causing false negative or false positive results (see Section 8).
A spot test result may be used as a negative screen for the presence of lead in paints and varnishes provided the response of the test kit is sensitive to detecting lead reliably at a given predetermined level, for example, a federal or state regulated abatement action level (4).
This practice may be used in conjunction with quantitative analytical methods for lead such as portable X-ray fluorescence, anodic stripping voltammetry, or fixed-site laboratory analysis of paint chip samples.
Colorblind individuals (protanomalous viewers) who are deficient in viewing red colors may have difficulty in discerning the pink or red color of a positive rhodizonate test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of commercial spot test kits based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative procedure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and rhodizonate to allow the user to choose the appropriate spot test for a given circumstance.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and not part of mandatory requirements.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: E1753 − 04
StandardPractice for
Use of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Detection of
1
Lead in Dry Paint Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1753; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2.1 core sample—a fragment of the entire dry paint film
removed from the substrate with a coring tool which is
1.1 Thispracticecoverstheuseofcommercialspottestkits
designed to remove a specified area (for example, a square
based on either sulfide or rhodizonate for the qualitative
centimetre) of dry paint film.
determination of the presence of lead in dry paint films.
3.2.2 negative screen—a spot test for which a negative
1.2 This practice may also be used as a qualitative proce-
result indicates a low probability of lead being present in the
dure for other dry coating films such as varnishes.
test specimen above a predetermined level; for example, a
1.3 This practice provides a list of the advantages and
regulated federal or state abatement action level.
limitations of chemical spot test kits based on sulfide and
3.2.3 negative test—the absence of the characteristic color
rhodizonatetoallowtheusertochoosetheappropriatespottest
change within a specified time limit, usually within a few
for a given circumstance.
minutes.
1.4 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and
3.2.4 paint chip sample—a fragment of a dry paint film
not part of mandatory requirements.
removed from the substrate.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.5 positive test—the observation of the characteristic
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
colorchangewithinaspecifiedtimelimit,usuallywithinafew
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
minutes,althoughspecificproceduresforsometestkitsinclude
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
observing the characteristic color change after an overnight
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
waiting period.
3.2.6 rhodizonate spot test method—for lead detection, the
2. Referenced Documents
use of a dilute solution of rhodizonate ion to test a painted
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4
surfaceorpaintchipforthequalitativepresenceoflead (1). A
E1605Terminology Relating to Lead in Buildings
characteristic color change of the reagent from yellow/orange
E1828Practice for Evaluating the Performance Characteris-
to pink or red indicates the presence of lead above the level of
tics of Qualitative Chemical Spot Test Kits for Lead in
detection of the test kit.
3
Paint (Withdrawn 2010)
3.2.7 sulfide spot test method—for lead detection,theuseof
a dilute solution of sulfide ion to test a painted surface or paint
3. Terminology
chip for the qualitative presence of lead (2). A characteristic
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to this practice that do
color change of the reagent from colorless to grey or black
not appear here, refer to Terminology E1605.
indicates the presence of lead above the level of detection of
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the spot test.
4. Summary of Practice
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
4.1 A dry paint film sample (a painted surface, paint chip,
manceofBuildingsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE06.23onLead
ground paint powder, or core sample) is tested for lead
Hazards Associated with Buildings.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published December 2004. Originally qualitatively through the use of a spot test. Spot tests kits are
2+
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E1753–01. DOI:
based on the reaction of Lead II (Pb ) ion with either sulfide
10.1520/E1753-04.
2− 2−
ion (S ) or rhodizonate ion [C O ], resulting in the charac-
2 6 6
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
teristic color change (See 3.2.6 and 3.2.7).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
www.astm.org. this practice.
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E1753 − 04
4.1.1 Prior to performing the spot test, the dry paint film Acceptable cutting tools include a clean cutting knife with a
surfaceisfirstcleaned.Exceptforsurfacetests,thefilmisthen fine
...
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