ASTM C202-93(2009)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The thermal conductivity of refractory brick is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics. Users select refractory brick to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the temperature limitation of the brick. This test method establishes placement of thermocouples and positioning of test specimens in the calorimeter.
This procedure must be used with Test Method C 201 and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state conditions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.
The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface temperature, and design of multi-layer refractory construction.
The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C 201 and shall be used in conjunction with that test method to determine the thermal conductivity of refractory brick with the exception of insulating firebrick (use Test Method C 182), and carbon refractories. This test method is designed for refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btu·in./h·ft2·°F (28.8 W/m·K).
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Certain flow and weight measurements are expressed in SI units only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C202 − 93(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Units usage was updated in April 2009.
1. Scope teristics. Users select refractory brick to provide specified
conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C201 and
exceeding the temperature limitation of the brick. This test
shall be used in conjunction with that test method to determine
method establishes placement of thermocouples and position-
the thermal conductivity of refractory brick with the exception
ing of test specimens in the calorimeter.
of insulating firebrick (use Test Method C182), and carbon
refractories. This test method is designed for refractories 3.2 This procedure must be used with Test Method C201
having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btu·in./ and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state condi-
h·ft ·°F (28.8 W/m·K). tions. The results are based upon a mean temperature.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be 3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specifi-
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are cation acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for temperature, and design of multi-layer refractory construction.
information only and are not considered standard.
3.4 Theuseofthesedatarequiresconsiderationoftheactual
1.2.1 Exception—Certain flow and weight measurements
application environment and conditions.
are expressed in SI units only.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The apparatus shall consist of that described in Test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Method C201 with the addition of thermocouples, back-up
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
insulation, and refractory fiber paper as described in Sections 6
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
and 7 of this test method.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Test Specimens
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The test specimens shall be selected and prepared in
C155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
accordance with Test Method C201.
C182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating
Firebrick
6. Installation of Thermocouples in Test Specimen
C201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
6.1 Thermocouples—Calibrated thermocouples shall be
E220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
embedded in the test specimen at two points for measuring
Comparison Techniques
temperature. Platinum-10 % rhodium/platinum thermocouples
shall be used.Wire ofAWG Gage 28 (0.320 mm) shall be used
3. Significance and Use
in making the thermocouples.
3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractory brick is a prop-
6.2 Installation of Thermocouples— The hot junction of the
erty required for selecting their thermal transmission charac-
thermocouples shall be placed in the center of each 9- by
4 ⁄2-in.(228-by114-mm)faceandjustbelowthesurfaceofthe
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
test specimen. Grooves to receive the wire shall be cut in each
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.02 on Thermal
9- by 4 ⁄2-in. (228- by 114-mm) face of the brick to a depth of
Properties.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) by means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5
approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C202 – 93 (2004).
mm) in thickness. The layout for the grooves allows all of the
DOI: 10.1520/C0202-93R09E01.
cold junction ends of the wires to extend from one end of the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Method E220 specifies calibration procedures for thermocouples.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
C202 − 93 (Reapproved 2009)
brick. A groove shall be cut in the center of each 9 by 4 ⁄2-in. at right angles to the horizontal faces. The joints between the
(228- by 114-mm) face along the 4 ⁄2-in. (114-mm) dimension pieces shall be tight without the use of any mortar.
and ending 1 in. (25.4 mm) from each edge. The path of each
1 1
7.2 Two strips of refractory fiber paper 13 ⁄2 by ⁄2 by 0.02
groove is extended at an angle of 90° to one end of the brick
in. (343 by 13 by 0.5 mm) shall be placed along the 13 ⁄2-in.
by cutting grooves parallel to and 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) from the
(343 mm) dimension of the inner guard at the outside edges.
edge of the specimen. Before cementing the thermocouple
Twelve strips of refractory fiber paper 2 by ⁄2 by 0.02 in. (51
wires in place, measurements shall be taken to obtain, within
by13by0.5mm)shallbeplacedontheouterguardatintervals
60.01 in. (0.3 mm), the eventual distance between the center
in the pattern shown in Fig. 1. These strips serve as spacers to
lines of the thermocouple junctions. This shall be done by
1 prevent contact between the test material and the calorimeter
measuring the 2 ⁄2-in. (64-mm) dimension of the brick at the
assembly. The back-up insulation shall then be placed on the
location for the hot junctions and deducting the distance
calorimeterassemblysoastoprovidealevelandplanesurface.
between the center line of each junction in its embedded
Additional strips of refractory fiber paper of the same dimen-
position and the surface of the brick.
sions shall be placed in the same pattern upon the back-up
7. Set-Up of Back-Up Insulation, Specimen, and Silicon
insulation. These strips serve as spacers to prevent contact
Carbide Slab between the fireclay brick and the back-up insulation. The test
specimen shall be placed centrally over the center of the
7.1 The calorimeter and inner and outer guards shall be
calorimeter section on its 9- by 4 ⁄2-in. (228- by 114-mm) face,
covered with a 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) thick layer of Group 20
the guard brick placed at the sides of the test specimen so as to
insulating firebrick (see Classification C155) for the purpose of
cover completely the calorimeter and inner guard area, and the
obtaining a higher mean temperature in the test specimen than
soap brick placed along the edges of the three brick so as to
would result by placing the specimen directly over the calo-
cover completely the calorimeter assembly. The small space
rimeter area.The back-up ins
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:C 202 –93 (Reapproved2004) Designation:C 202 –93 (Reapproved2009)
Standard Test Method for
Thermal Conductivity of Refractory Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 202; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Units usage was updated in April 2009.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method supplements Test Method C 201 and shall be used in conjunction with that test method to determine the
thermalconductivityofrefractorybrickwiththeexceptionofinsulatingfirebrick(useTestMethodC 182),andcarbonrefractories.
This test method is designed for refractories having a conductivity factor of not more than 200 Btu·in./h·ft ·°F (28.8 W/m·K).
1.2The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for
information only.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Certain flow and weight measurements are expressed in SI units only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 155 Classification of Insulating Firebrick
C 182 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Insulating Firebrick
C 201 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories
E 220 Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples byBy Comparison Techniques
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The thermal conductivity of refractory brick is a property required for selecting their thermal transmission characteristics.
Users select refractory brick to provide specified conditions of heat loss and cold face temperature, without exceeding the
temperature limitation of the brick. This test method establishes placement of thermocouples and positioning of test specimens in
the calorimeter.
3.2 This procedure must be used with Test Method C 201 and requires a large thermal gradient and steady state conditions. The
results are based upon a mean temperature.
3.3 The data from this test method are suitable for specification acceptance, estimating heat loss and surface temperature, and
design of multi-layer refractory construction.
3.4 The use of these data requires consideration of the actual application environment and conditions.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The apparatus shall consist of that described in Test Method C 201 with the addition of thermocouples, back-up insulation,
and refractory fiber paper as described in Sections 6 and 7 of this test method.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 The test specimens shall be selected and prepared in accordance with Test Method C 201.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC08onRefractoriesandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC08.02onThermalStressResistance.
Properties.
Current edition approved Sept.March 1, 2004.2009. Published October 2004.April 2009. Originally approved in 1945. Last previous edition approved in 19982004 as
C 202 – 93 (19938).(2004).
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
C 202 –93 (2009)
6. Installation of Thermocouples in Test Specimen
6.1 Thermocouples—Calibrated thermocouples shall be embedded in the test specimen at two points for measuring
temperature. Platinum-10 % rhodium/platinum thermocouples shall be used. Wire of AWG Gage 28 (0.320 mm) shall be used in
making the thermocouples.
6.2 Installation of Thermocouples— The hot junction of the thermocouples shall be placed in the center of each 9- by 4 ⁄2-in.
(228-by114-mm)faceandjustbelowthesurfaceofthetestspecimen.Groovestoreceivethewireshallbecutineach9-by4 ⁄2-in.
face of the brick to a depth of ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) by means of an abrasive wheel 0.02 in. (0.5 mm) in thickness. The layout for the
grooves allows all of the cold junction ends of the wires to extend from one end of the brick. A groove shall be cut in the center
1 1
ofeach9by4 ⁄2-in.facealongthe4 ⁄2-in.dimensionandending1in.(25mm)fromeachedge.Thepathofeachgrooveisextended
at an angle of 90° to one end of the brick by cutting grooves parallel to and 1.0 in. from the edge of the specimen. Before
cementing the thermocouple wires in place, measurements shall be taken to obtain, within 60.01 in. (0.3 mm), the eventual
distance between the center lines of the thermocouple junctions. This shall be done by measuring the 2 ⁄2-in. (64-mm) dimension
of the brick at the location for the hot junctions and deducting the distance between the center line of each junction in its embedded
position and the surface of the brick.
7. Set-Up of Back-Up Insulation, Specimen, and Silicon Carbide Slab
7.1 The calorimeter and inner and outer guards shall be covered with a 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) thick layer of Group 20 insulating
firebrick (see Classification C 155) for the purpose of obtaining a higher mean temperature in the test specimen than would result
byplacingthespecimendirectlyoverthecalorimeterarea.Theback-upinsulationshallbecutandgroundsoastoprovidesurfaces
thatareplaneanddonotvaryfromparallelbymorethan 60.01in(0.3mm).Thesidesofthepiecesthataretobeplacedincontact
shall be ground plane and at right angles to the horizontal faces. The joints between the pieces shall be tight without the use of
any mortar.
1 1 1
7.2 Two strips of refractory fiber paper 13 ⁄2 by ⁄2 by 0.02 in. (342(343 by 13 by 0.5 mm) shall be placed along the 13 ⁄2-in.
(343 mm) dimension of the inner guard at the outside edges. Twelve strips of refractory fiber paper 2 by ⁄2 by 0.02 in. (51 by 13
by 0.5 mm) shall be placed on the outer guard at intervals in the pattern shown in Fig. 1. These strips serve as spacers to prevent
Method E 220 specifies calibration procedures for thermocouples.
Alundum Cement RA 562 supplied by the Norton Co., One New Bond St., Worcester, MA 01606, is satisfactory for this purpose.
FIG. 1 Arrangement of Refractory Fiber Paper Strips in Calorimeter Assemblage
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C 202 –93 (2009)
contact between the test material and the calorimeter a
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