ASTM D446-12

Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers

SCOPE
1.1 These specifications cover operating instructions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types described in detail in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as follows:    
Modified Ostwald viscometers, Annex A1  
Suspended-level viscometers, Annex A2  
Reverse-flow viscometers, Annex A3
1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in Section 6.  
1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D445. Other viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision given in Test Method D445 may be used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2012
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D446-07 - Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D3591-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Logarithmic Viscosity Number of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) in Formulated Compounds
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D914-12(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Ethylcellulose
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1601-18 - Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Ethylene Polymers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5967-21 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in T-8 Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D5966-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils for Roller Follower Wear in Light-Duty Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D2857-22 - Standard Practice for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Polymers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4486-18 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Volatile and Reactive Liquids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D1243-22 - Standard Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride Polymers
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D8185-18 - Standard Guide for In-Service Lubricant Viscosity Measurement
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D2162-21 - Standard Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4603-18 - Standard Test Method for Determining Inherent Viscosity of Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (PET) by Glass Capillary Viscometer
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D789-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Relative Viscosity of Concentrated Polyamide (PA) Solutions
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D2532-22 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity and Viscosity Change After Standing at Low Temperature of Aircraft Turbine Lubricants
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012
• Referred By: ASTM D4889-21 - Standard Test Methods for Polyurethane Raw Materials: Determination of Viscosity of Crude or Modified Isocyanates
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2012

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D446 −12
Designation: 71/2/95
Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for
1
Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers—
Specifications and Operating Instructions
1.1 These specifications cover operating instructions for
ISO5725Basic Methods for the Determination of Repeat-
glasscapillarykinematicviscometersofallthetypesdescribed
ability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement
in detail in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as follows:
Method
Modified Ostwald viscometers, Annex A1
ISO17025General Requirements for the Competence of
Suspended-level viscometers, Annex A2
Reverse-flow viscometers, Annex A3 Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO Guide25General Requirements for the Calibration and
1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in
Testing Laboratories
Section 6.
4
2.3 NIST Standards:
1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers
NIST1297Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the
suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D445. Other
Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results
viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of
measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision
3. Materials and Manufacture
given in Test Method D445 may be used.
3.1 Fully annealed, low-expansion borosilicate glass shall
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
be used for the construction of all viscometers. The size
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
number,serialnumber,andmanufacturer’sdesignationshallbe
standard.
permanently marked on each viscometer. All timing marks
shall be etched and filled with an opaque color, or otherwise
2. Referenced Documents
made a permanent part of the viscometer. See detailed descrip-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion of each type of viscometer in Annex A1, Annex A2, and
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
Annex A3.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
3.2 With the exception of the FitzSimons and Atlantic
ity)
viscometers, all viscometers are designed to fit through a
D2162Practice for Basic Calibration of MasterViscometers
51-mm hole in the lid of a constant-temperature bath having a
and Viscosity Oil Standards
3 liquid depth of at least 280 mm; and it is assumed that the
2.2 ISO Documents:
surfaceoftheliquidwillbenotmorethan45mmfromthetop
ISO 3104Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
of the bath lid. For certain constant-temperature baths, espe-
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal-
cially at low or high temperatures, it may be necessary to
culation of Dynamic Viscosity
constructtheviscometerswiththeuppermosttubeslongerthan
shown to ensure adequate immersion in the constant-
1
These specifications and operating instructions are under the jurisdiction of
temperature bath. Viscometers so modified can be used to
ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and
measure kinematic viscosity within the precision of the test
are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
method.Thelengthsoftubesandbulbsonthefiguresshouldbe
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published March 2013. Originally
held within 610% or 610 mm, whichever is less, such that
approvedin1966asD2515–66.RedesignatedD446in1977.Lastpreviousedition
approved in 2007 as D446–07. DOI: 10.1520/D0446-12.
the calibration constant of the viscometer does not vary by
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
more than 615% from the nominal value.
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3 4
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D446−12
4. Nomenclature for Figures eter which is to be calibrated in order that the kinetic energy
correction (see 7.1 and 7.2) may be less than 0.2%.
4.1 The
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D446 − 07 D446 − 12
Designation: 71/2/95
Standard Specifications and Operating Instructions for
1
Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D446; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These specifications cover operating instructions for glass capillary kinematic viscometers of all the types described in detail
in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3 as follows:
Modified Ostwald viscometers, Annex A1
Suspended-level viscometers, Annex A2
Reverse-flow viscometers, Annex A3
1.2 The calibration of the viscometers is described in Section 6.
1.3 This standard covers some widely used viscometers suitable for use in accordance with Test Method D445. Other
viscometers of the glass capillary type which are capable of measuring kinematic viscosity within the limits of precision given in
Test Method D445 may be used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D2162 Practice for Basic Calibration of Master Viscometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
3
2.2 ISO Documents:
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers—Specifications and Operating Instructions
ISO 5725 Basic Methods for the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of a Standard Measurement Method
ISO 17025 General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories
ISO Guide 25 General Requirements for the Calibration and Testing Laboratories
4
2.3 NIST Standards:
NIST 1297 Guidelines for Evaluating and Expressing the Uncertainty of NIST Measurement Results
3. Materials and Manufacture
3.1 Fully annealed, low-expansion borosilicate glass shall be used for the construction of all viscometers. The size number,
serial number, and manufacturer’s designation shall be permanently marked on each viscometer. All timing marks shall be etched
and filled with an opaque color, or otherwise made a permanent part of the viscometer. See detailed description of each type of
viscometer in Annex A1, Annex A2, and Annex A3.
1
These specifications and operating instructions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility
of Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007Dec. 1, 2012. Published January 2007 March 2013. Originally approved in 1966 as D2515 – 66. Redesignated D446 in 1977. Last
previous edition approved in 20062007 as D446 – 06.D446 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D0446-07.10.1520/D0446-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
4
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D446 − 12
3.2 With the exception of the FitzSimons and Atlantic viscometers, all viscometers are designed to fit through a 51-mm hole
in the lid of a constant-temperature bath having a liquid depth of at least 280 mm; and it is assumed that the surface of the liquid
will be not more than 45 mm from the top of the bath lid. For certain constant-temperature baths, especially at low or high
temperatures, it may be necessary to construct the viscometers with the uppermost tubes longer than shown to ensure adequate
immersion in the constant-temperature bath. Viscometers so modified can be used to measure kinematic viscosity within
...