ASTM C927-80(2014)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels
Standard Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass Enamels
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The heavy metals, lead and cadmium, are known to cause serious health effects in man if consumed in excess. It is, therefore, important to measure the amount that may be extracted from an area of the glass drinking vessel in contact with the lip. Even though the amount of lead and cadmium extracted by this test method is in no way representative of the amount of the metals extracted by actual lip contact, the relative magnitude of metals extracted from one test specimen in relation to another test specimen provides an effective tool for discrimination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of glassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decorated with ceramic glass enamels. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead and cadmium from the decorated area and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such glassware. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium. Note 1—For additional information see Test Method C738.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: C927 − 80 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Test Method for
Lead and Cadmium Extracted from the Lip and Rim Area of
Glass Tumblers Externally Decorated with Ceramic Glass
Enamels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C927; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 ceramic glass decorations—ceramic glass enamels
fused to glassware at temperatures above 425°C (800°F) to
1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead and
produce a decoration.
cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of
3.1.2 ceramic glass enamels (also ceramic enamels or glass
glassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decorated
enamels)—predominately colored, silicate glass fluxes used to
with ceramic glass enamels. The procedure of extraction may
decorate glassware.
beexpectedtoacceleratethereleaseofleadandcadmiumfrom
the decorated area and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that
3.1.3 lip and rim area—that part of a drinking vessel which
is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage
extends 20 mm below the rim on the outside of the specimen.
of such glassware. This test method is specific for lead and
cadmium.
4. Summary of Test Method
NOTE 1—For additional information see Test Method C738. 4.1 Lead and cadmium are extracted from the lip and rim
area of the article under test by leaching with a 4 % acetic acid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
solution at 20 to 24°C (68 to 75°F) for 24 h and are measured
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using specific hollow
standard.
cathode or electrodeless discharge lamps for lead and cadmium
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials,
respectively. Results are reported as micrograms per millilitre
operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
(ppm) extracted relative to the internal volume of the glass
address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is
article.
the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
5. Significance and Use
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 The heavy metals, lead and cadmium, are known to
2. Referenced Documents cause serious health effects in man if consumed in excess. It is,
therefore, important to measure the amount that may be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
extracted from an area of the glass drinking vessel in contact
C738 Test Method for Lead and Cadmium Extracted from
with the lip. Even though the amount of lead and cadmium
Glazed Ceramic Surfaces
extracted by this test method is in no way representative of the
amount of the metals extracted by actual lip contact, the
3. Terminology
relative magnitude of metals extracted from one test specimen
3.1 Definitions:
in relation to another test specimen provides an effective tool
for discrimination.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C14 on Glass
and Glass Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C14.10 on 6. Interferences
Glass Decoration. It was developed jointly byASTM Committee C-14 and C-21 on
6.1 Since specific hollow cathode lamps or electrodeless
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products, the Society of Glass Decorators A-20
Subcommittee on Ceramic Enameled Decorated Glass Tumblers, and an Inter- discharge lamps for lead and cadmium are used, there are no
agency Task Force consisting of FDA, EPA, and CPSC of the U.S. Government.
interferences.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originally
approvedin1980.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2009asC927-80(2009).DOI:
7. Apparatus
10.1520/C0927-80R14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS), equipped
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
with a 102-mm single slot or Boling burner head and digital
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. concentration readout attachment (DCR) if available. This
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C927 − 80 (2014)
instrument should have a sensitivity of about 0.5 µg/mLof lead 9. Sampling
for 1 % absorption and a sensitivity of about 0.025 µg/mL of
9.1 Continuous Process—Since the amount of metal re-
cadmium for 1 % absorption. Use the operating conditions as
leased from a decoration can be affected by the firing
specified in the instrument manufacturer’s analytical methods
conditions, which may not be uniform across the width of the
manual.
lehr, a minimum of six samples should be taken representing
7.2 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge Lead
both sides and the center of the lehr.
Lamp, set at 283.3 nm.
9.2 Load or Pile—A minimum of six samples should be
7.3 Hollow Cathode or Electrodeless Discharge Cadmium
randomly selected from throughout the load.
Lamp, set at 228.8 nm.
10. Preparation of Standards
7.4 Glassware of chemically resistant borosilicate glass for
use in preparing and storing reagents and solutions, and for use
10.1 Lead Standard Working Solutions—Dilute lead nitrate
as test specimen containers.
solution(8.7)withaceticacid(8.3)toobtainworkingstandards
having final lead concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL.
7.5 Detection limits of lead and cadmium shall be deter-
mined and reported for individual instruments. In this test
10.2 Cadmium Standard Working Solutions—Dilute cad-
method, the detection limit shall be defined as twice the mean
mium stock solution (8.4) with acetic acid (8.3) to obtain
noise level at 0 µg/mL. Representative detection limits would
working standards having final cadmium concentrations of 0.0,
be approximately 0.01 to 0.03 µg/mL for lead and 0.0005 to
0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.0 µg/mL.
0.0010 µg/mL for cadmium.
10.3 Fresh working solutions should be prepared daily.
8. Reagents
11. Procedure
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
11.1 Preparation of Sample—Take six identical units and
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit- cleanse each with a detergent rinse. Then rinse with tap water
followed by distilled water followed by air drying. Mark each
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
where such specifications are available. Other grades may be unit 7 mm below the rim. Record the internal volume of each
article in millilitres by filling from a graduated cylinder to
used provided it is first ascertained that
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