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ASTM D3237-02

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total lead content of gasoline within the concentration range of 0.010 to 0.10 g of lead/U.S. gal (2.5 to 25 mg/L). This test method compensates for variations in gasoline composition and is independent of lead alkyl type.
1.2 The values given in grams per U.S. gallon are to be regarded as the standard in the United States. Note that in other countries, other units can be preferred.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 6.6 and 6.8.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Nov-2002
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.03 - Elemental Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3237-97 - Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Replaced By
ASTM D3237-06 - Standard Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7455-19 - Standard Practice for Sample Preparation of Petroleum and Lubricant Products for Elemental Analysis
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D6201-19a - Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7719-21a - Standard Specification for High Aromatic Content Unleaded Hydrocarbon Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D909-22 - Standard Test Method for Supercharge Rating of Spark-Ignition Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8256-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7589-16e1 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Effects of Automotive Engine Oils on Fuel Economy of Passenger Cars and Light-Duty Trucks in Sequence VID Spark Ignition Engine<rangeref></rangeref >
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8076-21b - Standard Specification for 100 Research Octane Number Test Fuel for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002
Referred By
ASTM D7740-20 - Standard Practice for Optimization, Calibration, and Validation of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for Metal Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Effective Date
10-Nov-2002

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ASTM D3237-02 - Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyASTM D3237-02 - Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
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ASTM D3237-02 - Standard Test Method for Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D 3237–02
Standard Test Method for
1
Lead In Gasoline By Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3237; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total 3.1 The gasoline sample is diluted with methyl isobutyl
lead content of gasoline within the concentration range of ketoneandthealkylleadcomponentsarestabilizedbyreaction
0.010 to 0.10 g of lead/U.S. gal (2.5 to 25 mg/L). This test with iodine and a quaternary ammonium salt. The lead content
method compensates for variations in gasoline composition of the sample is determined by atomic absorption flame
and is independent of lead alkyl type. spectrometry at 283.3 nm, using standards prepared from
1.2 The values given in grams per U.S. gallon are to be reagent grade lead chloride. By the use of this treatment, all
regardedasthestandardintheUnitedStates.Notethatinother alkyl lead compounds give identical response.
countries, other units can be preferred.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 This test method is used to ensure compliance of trace
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- leadasrequiredbyfederalregulationforlead-freegasoline(40
CFR part 80).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
5. Apparatus
statements, see 6.6 and 6.8.
5.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, capable of scale ex-
2. Referenced Documents
pansion and nebulizer adjustment, and equipped with a slot
burnerandpremixchamberforusewithanair-acetyleneflame.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water 5.2 Volumetric Flasks, 50-mL, 100-mL, 250-mL, and 1-L
D 1368 Test Method for Trace Concentrations of Lead in sizes.
3
5.3 Pipets, 2-mL, 5-mL, 10-mL, 20-mL, and 50-mL sizes.
Primary Reference Fuels
D 2550 TestMethodforWaterSeparationCharacteristicsof 5.4 Micropipet, 100-µL, Eppendorf type or equivalent.
4
Aviation Turbine Fuels
6. Reagents
D 3116 Test Method for Trace Amounts of Lead in Gaso-
5
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
line
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
6
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-
Petroleum Products
tee onAnalytical Reagents of theAmerican Chemical Society,
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
8
where such specifications are available.
Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
7
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
Performance
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
by Types II or III of Specification D 1193.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
6.3 Aliquat 336 (tricapryl methyl ammonium chloride).
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published January 2003. Originally
approved in 1973. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 3237–97.
2 8
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
4
Discontinued; see 1988 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. listed by the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory
5
Discontinued; see 1993 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03. MD.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D 3237–02
6.4 Aliquat 336/MIBK Solution (10 % volume per mLof lead-free gasoline. In the case of the blank, add only 5.0
volume)—Dissolve and dilute 100 mL (88.0 g) of Aliquat 336 mL of lead-free gasoline.
with MIBK to 1 L. 8.1.2 Addimmediately0.1mLofiodine/toluenesolution
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
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