ASTM E1640-13(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to locate the glass transition region and assign a glass transition temperature of amorphous and semi-crystalline materials.
5.2 Dynamic mechanical analyzers monitor changes in the viscoelastic properties of a material as a function of temperature and frequency, providing a means to quantify these changes. In ideal cases, the temperature of the onset of the decrease in storage modulus marks the glass transition.
5.3 A glass transition temperature (Tg) is useful in characterizing many important physical attributes of thermoplastic, thermosets, and semi-crystalline materials including their thermal history, processing conditions, physical stability, progress of chemical reactions, degree of cure, and both mechanical and electrical behavior. Tg may be determined by a variety of techniques and may vary in accordance with the technique.
5.4 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials using dynamic mechanical analyzers.
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region.
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about −150°C.
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1640 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By
1
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
transition temperature (T ) of materials using dynamic me-
g
Properties
chanical analyzers.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline mate-
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
rials which are thermally stable in the glass transition region. E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
mechanical Analyzers
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test
E1545Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in
Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
order to encompass all materials, the minimum temperature
E1867Test Methods for Temperature Calibration of Dy-
should be about−150°C.
namic Mechanical Analyzers
E2254Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
E2425Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2.2 Other Standards:
standard.
IEC 61006Methods of Test for the Determination of the
GlassTransitionTemperature of Electrical Insulating Ma-
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that
3
terials
standardusesthepeaktemperatureofthelossmoduluspeakas
the glass transition temperature while this standard uses the
3. Terminology
extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change.
3.1 Definitions:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this document are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
defined in Terminologies D4092 and E1142 including Celsius,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dynamic mechanical analyzer, glass transition, glass transition
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
temperature, loss modulus, storage modulus, tangent delta,and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
viscoelasticity.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 Aspecimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical
oscillationateitherfixedorresonantfrequencyandchangesin
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
the viscoelastic response of the material are monitored as a
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
function of temperature. Under ideal conditions, during
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
heating, the glass transition region is marked by a rapid
1 2
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on contact ASTM Customer service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 15, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1640–13. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/E1640-13R18. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1640 − 13 (2018)
TABLE 1 Modes for Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
decreaseinthestoragemodulusandarapidincreaseintheloss
modulus and tangent delta. The glass transition of the test Mechanical Response
Mode
specimenisindicatedbytheextrapolatedonsetofthedecrease Tension Flexural Torsional Compression
instoragemoduluswhichmarksthetransitionfromaglassyto Free/dec . . X .
Forced/res/CA
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1640 − 13 E1640 − 13 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By
1
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the assignment of a glass transition temperature (T ) of materials using dynamic mechanical
g
analyzers.
1.2 This test method is applicable to thermoplastic polymers, thermoset polymers, and partially crystalline materials which are
thermally stable in the glass transition region.
1.3 The applicable range of temperatures for this test method is dependent upon the instrumentation used, but, in order to
encompass all materials, the minimum temperature should be about −150°C.
1.4 This test method is intended for materials having an elastic modulus in the range of 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard is similar to IEC 61006 except that standard uses the peak temperature of the loss modulus peak as the glass
transition temperature while this standard uses the extrapolated onset temperature of the storage modulus change.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E1545 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
E1867 Test Methods for Temperature Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
E2254 Test Method for Storage Modulus Calibration of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
E2425 Test Method for Loss Modulus Conformance of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzers
2.2 Other Standards:
3
IEC 61006 Methods of Test for the Determination of the Glass Transition Temperature of Electrical Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013March 15, 2018. Published August 2013March 2018. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20092013
as E1640 – 09.E1640 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1640-13.10.1520/E1640-13R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1640 − 13 (2018)
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this document are defined in TerminologyTerminologies D4092 and E1142 including
Celsius, dynamic mechanical analyzer, glass transition, glass transition temperature, loss modulus, storage modulus, tangent delta,
and viscoelasticity.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical oscillation at either fixed or resonant frequency and changes in the
viscoelastic response of the material are monitored as a function of temperature. Under ideal conditions, during heating, the glass
transit
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.