ASTM E1997-15(2021)
(Practice)Standard Practice for the Selection of Spacecraft Materials
Standard Practice for the Selection of Spacecraft Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is a guideline for proper materials and process selection and application. The specific application of these guidelines must take into account contractual agreements, functional performance requirements for particular programs and missions, and the actual environments and exposures anticipated for each material and the equipment in which the materials are used. Guidelines are not replacements for careful and informed engineering judgment and evaluations and all possible performance and design constraints and requirements cannot be foreseen. This practice is limited to unmanned systems and unmanned or external portions of manned systems, such as the Space Station. Generally, it is applicable to systems in low earth orbit, synchronous orbit, and interplanetary missions. Although many of the suggestions and cautions are applicable to both unmanned and manned spacecraft, manned systems have additional constraints and requirements for crew safety which may not be addressed adequately in unmanned designs. Because of the added constraints and concerns for human-rated systems, these systems are not addressed in this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to aid engineers, designers, quality and reliability control engineers, materials specialists, and systems designers in the selection and control of materials and processes for spacecraft, external portion of manned systems, or man-tended systems. Spacecraft systems are very different from most other applications. Space environments are very different from terrestrial environments and can dramatically alter the performance and survivability of many materials. Reliability, long life, and inability to repair defective systems (or high cost and difficultly of repairs for manned applications) are characteristic of space applications. This practice also is intended to identify materials processes or applications that may result in degraded or unsatisfactory performance of systems, subsystems, or components. Examples of successful and unsuccessful materials selections and uses are given in the appendices.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1997 − 15 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Practice for the
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Selection of Spacecraft Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1997; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Sodium Chloride Environments
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2.3 Military Standards:
1.1 The purpose of this practice is to aid engineers,
MIL-STD-889Dissimilar Materials
designers, quality and reliability control engineers, materials
MIL-HDBK-5Metallic Materials and Elements for Aero-
specialists, and systems designers in the selection and control
space Vehicle Structures
of materials and processes for spacecraft, external portion of
MIL-HDBK-17Properties of Composite Materials
manned systems, or man-tended systems. Spacecraft systems
2.4 European Space Agency (ESA) Standard:
areverydifferentfrommostotherapplications.Spaceenviron-
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PSS-07/QRM-0Guidelines for Space Materials Selection
ments are very different from terrestrial environments and can
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2.5 Federal Standard:
dramatically alter the performance and survivability of many
QQ-A-250 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Plate and
materials.Reliability,longlife,andinabilitytorepairdefective
Sheet, Federal Specification for
systems (or high cost and difficultly of repairs for manned
applications) are characteristic of space applications. This
3. Significance and Use
practice also is intended to identify materials processes or
applications that may result in degraded or unsatisfactory 3.1 This practice is a guideline for proper materials and
process selection and application. The specific application of
performance of systems, subsystems, or components. Ex-
amplesofsuccessfulandunsuccessfulmaterialsselectionsand these guidelines must take into account contractual
agreements, functional performance requirements for particu-
uses are given in the appendices.
lar programs and missions, and the actual environments and
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
exposures anticipated for each material and the equipment in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
which the materials are used. Guidelines are not replacements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
forcarefulandinformedengineeringjudgmentandevaluations
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and all possible performance and design constraints and
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
requirements cannot be foreseen. This practice is limited to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
unmanned systems and unmanned or external portions of
2. Referenced Documents
manned systems, such as the Space Station. Generally, it is
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applicabletosystemsinlowearthorbit,synchronousorbit,and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interplanetarymissions.Althoughmanyofthesuggestionsand
E595Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Vola-
cautions are applicable to both unmanned and manned
tile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in a Vacuum
spacecraft, manned systems have additional constraints and
Environment
requirements for crew safety which may not be addressed
G64Classification of Resistance to Stress-Corrosion Crack-
adequately in unmanned designs. Because of the added con-
ing of Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys
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straints and concerns for human-rated systems, these systems
2.2 Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Standard:
are not addressed in this practice.
MSFC-STD-3029Guidelines to the Selection of Metallic
Materials for Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance in
4. Design Constraints
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4.1 Orbital Environment—Theactualenvironmentinwhich
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E21 on Space
SimulationandApplicationsofSpaceTechnologyandisthedirectresponsibilityof
the equipment is expected to operate must be identified and
Subcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.
defined. The exposures and requirements for material perfor-
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2021. Published October 2021. Originally
mance differ for various missions. Environment definition
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1997–15. DOI:
10.1520/E1997-15R21.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401
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